Celtic Languages - User contributions [en]

Welsh/Resources

2022-01-11T04:42:13Z

Drewgi: Added fiction resource childhood stories

= Free Resources =

== Books ==

=== Fiction ===

[https://hwb.gov.wales/repository/discovery?fields=resources&query=Coeden%20Ddarllen%20Rhydychen&sort=relevance Y Hwb Graded Books] - A list of dozens of graded books, starting from very simple and working it's way up in difficulty.

[https://childhood-stories.com/welsh/ Childhood Stories] - A variety of bilingual books and resources aimed at learners.

=== Non-fiction ===

==== Learn Welsh ====

[https://learnwelsh.cymru/learning/curriculum-and-course-books/ LearnWelsh Textbooks] - Government lead course, based on these free textbooks which are used in conjunction with [https://learnwelsh.cymru/learning/digital-resources/entry/ these digital resources]. In person and virtual lessons are available [https://learnwelsh.cymru/learning/find-a-course/ here]. You will find northern and southern versions of all resources.

==== Magazines & Journals ====

[https://issuu.com/y_selar Y Selar] - A quarterly Welsh language contemporary music magazine.

[https://journals.library.wales/ NLW Journal Archive] - The National Library of Wales digitised journals archive.

[https://newspapers.library.wales/ NLW Newspaper Archive] - The National Library of Wales digitised newspaper archive.

== Apps ==

[https://www.saysomethingin.com/welsh SaySomethingInWelsh] - A very successful course which is talked about in greater detail further down this page. This course can be downloaded as an app.

[https://www.duolingo.com/ Duolingo] - A good introduction to Welsh, and good for learners who prefer more interactive learning. The course content is based on the content of the learnwelsh course, so works very well in conjunction with this course. Duolingo teaches both dialect as it goes along, including lessons specifically dedicated to vocabulary differences. The course also includes very good notes when using the desktop website.

[https://ai.glossika.com/language/learn-welsh Glossika] - A space repetition learning course that offers multiple languages. Welsh is one of the free languages it provides.

[https://www.bangor.ac.uk/canolfanbedwyr/ap_geiriaduron.php.en Ap Geiriaduron] - A dictionary app that has lots of useful features, including multiple dictionaries, offline search, showing radicals, wildcard searches, et c.

[https://support.google.com/gboard/answer/6380730?hl=en-GB&co=GENIE.Platform%3DAndroid Gboard] & [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/swiftkey?activetab=pivot_1%3aprimaryr2 Swiftkey] - Two popular third-party keyboard apps that allow you to set multiple languages. This means you can have autocorrect/suggestions in both Welsh and English.

== Dictionaries ==

[https://geiriadur.uwtsd.ac.uk/ Geiriadur UWTSD] - The online dictionary for the University of Wales Trinity Saint David. A good dictionary that includes some audio files for more popular search terms. Doesn't include definitions, just a straight Welsh-English / English-Welsh translation dictionary.

[https://www.duolingo.com/dictionary/cy Duolingo Welsh Dictionary] - Not a very extensive dictionary but it includes many example sentences as well as audio for everything included.

[http://geiriadur.bangor.ac.uk/ Geiriadur Bangor] - An online version of Cysgair and the Termiadur Addysg by the University of Bangor.

[https://geiriadur.ac.uk/gpc/gpc.html GPC - Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru] - A dicitonary of the Welsh Language from the University of Wales. It's the only historical dictionary of Welsh, and gives definitions in both Welsh and English. It also gives historical examples, variant spellings/forms, collocations, and etymology.

[https://digi.prv.cymru Open Celtic Dictionary] - Open source dictionary with conjugations. Originally made for Welsh.

[https://geiriaduracademi.org/ Geiriadur yr Academi] - The Welsh Academy Dictionary from the University of Wales Press.

[http://termau.cymru/ Termau Cymru] - A searchable dictionary of specialised terminology, from the University of Bangor. This includes a list of specific terminology dictionaries.

[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cymraeg Wiktionary] - Wiktionary is a multi-lingual dictionary. It includes definitions, etymology, pronounciation (either through audio, IPA, or both), usage notes, mutations, conjugation, related terms, et c.

[http://ipa-reader.xyz/ IPA Reader] - This is a tool that works well in conjuntion with wiktionary. Simply find a word in wiktionary, copy and paste the IPA into this reader, and select "Gwyneth [Welsh]". It will then produce a downloadable Welsh audio file that pronounces the IPA.

== Media ==

=== Videos ===

* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSVIkpTts9Oox1hxAOwErlg/videos S4C] - S4C is the free-to-air Welsh language TV channel. This channel is their YouTube, where they post small self-contained clips from TV shows.

* [https://www.youtube.com/c/HanshS4C Hansh] - Hansh is S4Cs "teen/young adult" area, and this is their YouTube. They focus on funny and interesting videos where younger presenters explore different parts of Wales and Welsh culture/identity/history. The videos have varying degrees of Welsh, with some videos described as being in "Wenglish".

* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNoyEe-fp5yhtED-bkMAfrw/videos Heno] - Heno is S4Cs magazine programme.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/HwbTV/videos S4C - Dysgu Cymraeg] - Dysgu Cymraeg (not to be confused with LearnWelsh) is S4Cs YouTube channel dedicated to learners of Welsh. It contains a wide range of videos on all topics.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/GolwgTriChwechDim/videos Golwg 360] - Golwg is a Welsh-language magazine that covers current events. This YouTube channel are accompanying videos which are in Welsh.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/colegcymraeg/videos Coleg Cymraeg] - The Welsh language college works with universities around Wales to develop Welsh language medium opportunities. This YouTube is a collection of some of their projects.

* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCT2NfMee-YxsGaH852qTx3Q/videos Archif ITV Cymru] - Part of the National Screen & Sound Archive Of Wales' collection, based in the National Library. The archive contains around 200,000 items from 1958 onwards, based on Welsh-oriented programmes and broadcasts.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/MenterCaerdydd1/videos Menter Caerdydd] - Cardiff's Welsh language initiative, supporting Welsh in the community.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/plaidtv/videos Plaid TV] - Plaid Cymru is a Welsh National political party. They upload two videos, one in English and one in Welsh.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/DwrCymruWelshWater/videos Dŵr Cymru] - "Welsh Water" is a not for profit company that operates the water supplies for Wales. They upload lots of videos in both English and Welsh that detail the work they do, as well as general educational videos on how water treatment works.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/LiteratureWales/videos Llenyddiaeth Cymru] - The YouTube channel for Literature Wales. They post a lot of literary Welsh, such as book and poem readings, as well as discussion videos.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/pethecymru/videos Pethe Cymru] - a YouTube channel that focuses on the Arts in Wales.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/PethauBychainCymraeg/videos Cymraeg] - The Government's "Cymraeg" initiative.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/AthroCymraeg/videos Athro Cymraeg] - Videos dedicated to all aspects of learning Welsh, with a wide range of sub-series.

* [https://www.youtube.com/c/YnChwarae Yn Chwarae] ([https://www.twitch.tv/ynchwarae Twitch]) - Welsh gaming channel run by Menter Iaith Sir Caerffili.

=== TV ===

==== S4C ====

:[https://www.s4c.cymru/ S4C] is a free-to-air television channel. It was created in the early 80's, and was the first channel to be dedicated to producing content in the Welsh language.

:Some popular show examples include:

:* Peppa - A Welsh dub of the popular children's TV show "Peppa Pig". This is a great series for learners, especially those already familiar with the English version.

:* Rownd a Rownd - A drama set in the North of Wales, focused on the lives of young people.

:* FFermio - Weekly series that focuses on issues surrounding farming and the countryside.

:* Dechrau Canu, Dechrau Canmol - A series of hymn singing and worship.

:* Chwedloni - A show that focuses on unique stories that reflect contemporary life in Wales.

==== BBC Cymru ====

:[https://www.bbc.co.uk/cymru BBC Cymru] is the Welsh language regional division of the BBC. They have an agreement with S4C and the two work together to produce, and share, Welsh language media.

:Some popular show examples include:

:* Pobol Y Cwm - A popular soap opera that focusses on the lives of people in the fictional village of "Cwmderi", in south-west Wales.

:* Clwb Rygbi - A rugby union television show that focuses on commentary and analysis.

:* Newyddion - Simply a Welsh language news show. It may not seem exciting, but if you want to know what's happening in Wales, in Welsh, there's no one else.

=== Radio ===

Websites like [http://radio.garden/listen Radio.Garden] and [https://tunein.com/ TuneIn.Com] let you listen to radio stations from anywhere around the world.

'''Entirely In Welsh'''

* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_radio_cymru BBC Radio Cymru]
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_radio_cymru_2 BBC Radio Cymru 2]
* [https://en.cymru.fm/ Cymru.FM]
* [https://soundcloud.com/user-231251025 Radio Beca]

''' Bilingual'''

* [https://www.capitalfm.com/cymru/ Capital Cymru] - Welsh from 6am - 7pm on weekdays and 9am - 4pm on weekends.
* [https://monfm.co.uk/ Môn FM] - Regularly broadcasts both English and bilingual programming.

''' Daily Welsh Programmes '''

* [https://planetradio.co.uk/greatest-hits/south-wales/ Greatest Hits South Wales] - Welsh language show Sunday - Friday nights, with bilingual bulletins on weeknights.

* [https://www.capitalfm.com/northwales/radio/ Capital North West and Wales] - Has an hour long Welsh language programme each weekday.

* [https://www.gtfm.co.uk/ GTFM] - Welsh medium programmes on Tuesday and Sunday evenings.

=== Podcasts ===

[https://ypod.cymru/ Y Pod] - Y Pod is a website simply dedicated to listing any and every Welsh language focussed podcast. It includes anything from "Stori Tic Toc", the Radio Cymru children's bed time stories, to "Malu Cachu, Chwalu Stigma", a podcast dedicated to discussing, sharing, and breaking the stigma surrounding mental health.

Some popular podcast examples include:

* [https://merchedywawr.cymru/ Merched Y Wawr] - A Welsh medium Women's Institute, their podcast focuses on aspects of Women's life in Wales.

* [Highlights for Welsh Learners] - Produced by BBC Radio Cymru, these are the best bits of programs selected for their clear and simple presentation.

* [Y Coridor Ansicrwydd] - Produced by BBC Radio Cymru, Owain Tudor Jones and Malcolm Allen discuss football events.

* [Beti a'i Phobol] - Beti George speaks to some of the most interesting people in Wales.

* [https://twitter.com/melmaljal Mel Mal Jal] - A simple podcast of three talkative Welsh women chatting about what's interested them this week.

== Websites ==

=== Blogs ===

[https://senedd.cymru/senedd-nawr/blog-y-senedd/ Blog Y Senedd] - The blog for the Welsh Senedd.

[https://golwg.360.cymru/safbwynt Golwg360 Safbwynt] - Golwg360's column section, from various authors about different aspects of current affairs.

[https://ytwll.cymru/page/62/ Ytwll.Cymru] - A blog site where multiple authors post about various things, from Welsh heritage to kpop.

[https://www.felinfach.com/blogs/blog/tagged/welsh-language Felinfach] - A blog based on various aspects of Welsh culture or learning.

[https://pethmeddaldirmeddwl.wixsite.com/blogmeddwl/helo Peth Meddal Di'r Meddwl] - A personal blog dedicated to sharing experiences around mental health (social anxiety) as well as just general chatting.

[https://blogs.cardiff.ac.uk/mental-health/cy/ Iechyd Meddwl] - Cardiff University's mental health blog.

[https://blogs.cardiff.ac.uk/mediccymraeg/ Addysg Feddygol Cymraeg] - Cardiff University's blog dedicated to Welsh medium medical education.

[https://ymbarelblog.wordpress.com/about/ Ymbarel] - A student led mental health blog aimed at Welsh teenagers.

[https://www.timetochangewales.org.uk/cy/straeon-personol/ Straeon Personol] - Personal stories, in Welsh, from amser i newid.

[http://bywgydabipolar.com/ Byw Gyda BIPOLAR] - A blog dedicated to sharing experiences of what it's like to live with bipolar disorder.

[https://arddunrhiannon.com/about/ Arddun Rhiannon] - A blog focussed mainly on mental health but lots of posts about various other topics.

[https://emmareese.blogspot.com/ Fel Y Moroedd] - A personal blog that posts about day to day happenings and personal interests.

[https://www.blipfoto.com/tridral Tridral] - A personal blipfoto blog that does a photo a day, with some bilingual explanations.

[https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/cymru BBC Cymru] - BBC Cymru's blog, mostly abandoned but good reading practise.

[https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/radiocymru BBC Radio Cymru] - BBC Radio Cymru's blog, again abandoned but good reading practise.

[https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/c2 BBC Radio Cymru2] - BBC Radio Cymru 2's blog, also abandoned.

=== Twitter ===

[https://twitter.com/s4cdysgucymraeg S4C DysguCymraeg] - S4Cs learning Welsh twitter, lots of different media and information.

[https://twitter.com/learncymraeg National Centre for Learning Welsh] - Twitter dedicated to learning Welsh.

[https://twitter.com/dailywelshwords SaySomethingInWelsh] - A twitter for SSiW who regularly post event information.

[https://twitter.com/GwylNewydd Gwyl Newydd] - Newport's Welsh language arts festival.

[https://twitter.com/learncymraeg LearnCymraeg] - A twitter dedicated to learning Welsh.

[https://twitter.com/ypodcymru Y Pod Cymru] - Updates on new podcast episodes that are released in Welsh.

[https://twitter.com/Cymraeg Cymraeg] - Government backed project, their twitter is bilingual.

[https://twitter.com/Y_Wenhwyseg Y Wenhwyseg] - A twitter dedicated to the Gwentian dialect of Welsh.

=== Misc ===

[https://www.cysgliad.com/cysill/arlein/?locale=en Cysill Ar-lein] - An online grammar/mutation/spell checker. It's also available as a Microsoft Word extension.

[https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafan Wicipedia] - Welsh language Wikipedia.

[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/subjects/zjpfb9q BBC Bitesize Welsh] - BBC Bitesize Welsh Second Language page. Includes lessons, revision notes, quizzes/tests, et c, for multiple key stages.

[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/subjects/zjpfb9q BBC Bitesize TGAU] - BBC Bitesize TGAU page. Includes lessons, revision notes, quizzes/tests, et c, for all Welsh language GCSEs.

[https://www.bbc.co.uk/cymru BBC Cymru] - BBC's Welsh language news site.

[https://golwg.360.cymru/ Golwg360] - Asdie from just being a magazine, Golwg hosts online articles, including vocab tools for learners.

[https://parallel.cymru/?lang=en Parallel.Cymru] - Parallel.Cymru is an online bilingual magazine. All articles are in both Welsh and English. The site also includes other interesting resources, such as some Welsh cooking recipes.

[https://maes-e.com/ Maes-e.com] - A Welsh only bulletin board.

[https://toot.wales/about Toot.Wales] - A Welsh social media/microblogging network.

[https://amam.cymru/ambobdim amam.cymru] - A website and an app, a channel-driven platform dedicated to the arts in Wales.

[https://www.urdd.cymru/cy/ Urdd Gobaith Cymru] - Urdd is a national organisation dedicated to the promotion of Welsh is people under the age of 25. If you live in Wales and are under 25, find information for [https://www.urdd.cymru/en/my-area/ your local area here].

[http://www.casglwr.org/index.html Casglwr] - Casglwr is a publication by the Cymdeithas Bob Owen, a society started in the 1970s dedicated to collectors and lovers of books. The website includes archives of all of their publications, which detail rare and interesting books related to Wales and Welsh.

[https://meddwl.org/ Meddwl] - A Welsh medium mental health support site.

[https://www.mind.org.uk/cy/ Mind.Org] - Mind's Welsh language site.

= Paid For Resources =

== Books ==

Where to buy Welsh books? Where possible books will be linked with sites such as goodreads, as to not favour any specific store. Here is a list of some of the more popular book shops that either specialise in or have a large volume of Welsh-language books.

* [https://www.gwales.com/intro/ gwales.com] - A site that specialised specifically in Welsh-language written media, as well as English books that focus on aspects of Welsh language, culture, history, et c. Physical books, ebooks, magazines, reviews, recommendations. They cover books for all range ranges. This shop is run by "Llyfrau Cymru", the books Council of Wales. When buying with Gwales you can choose an independent bookshop to receive a commission from your purchase. They support international shipping, although duty/handling fees vary.

:* Do you live in Wales? Please use Gwales' [https://www.gwales.com/shopfinder/?tsid=4 shopfinder] to find an independent Welsh book shop in your area!

* [https://www.ffolio.wales/ ffolio.wales] - A site also run by the book Council of Wales, with a similar commission scheme. This site is focussed purely on e-books, but is otherwise the same as Gwales.

* [https://www.ylolfa.com Y Lolfa] - A Welsh language printing/publishing company. Established in the late 60's, Y Lolfa has been printing and publishing books for Welsh language authors where previous companies wouldn't. It's thanks, in part, to them that we have such diverse and creative Welsh written media. Their bookshop includes ebooks, audiobooks, as well as author information pages. They also support international shipping, although duty/handling fees vary.

* [https://siopypethe.cymru/ Siop Y Pethe] - A company that sells lots of Welsh products, but specialises in selling Welsh language books.

=== Fiction ===

=== Non-Fiction ====

==== Learn Welsh ====

[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3912821-colloquial-welsh Colloquial Welsh] - This book from Gareth King is in of itself a course, but is also a very good resource for those learning Welsh from a more "standard" course who wants to strengthen their colloquial knowledge.

[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1135987.Modern_Welsh Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar] - Another book from Gareth King. This is a very, very extensive book on the finer points of grammar within the Welsh language. If you need to know every little rule about grammar when learning a language, this is the book for you.

==== Magazines & Journals ====

A more comprehensive list of magazines can be found [https://www.ylolfa.com/directory/Magazines?p=1 here].

A more comprehensive list of newspapers can be found [https://www.ylolfa.com/directory/Papurau%20Bro%20(Local%20Welsh-medium%20Newspapers) here].

* [https://barn.cymru/ Barn] - A monthly current affairs magazine.
* [https://siopypethe.cymru/products/cristion Cristion] - A two monthly multi-denominational Christian magazine.
* [https://golwg.360.cymru/ Golwg] - A weekly current events magazine, the magazine with the largest circulation in Wales.
* [https://www.ytraethodydd.cymru/ Y Traethodydd] - A quarterly cultural magazine, covering topics related to history, theology, and literature.
* [https://ycymro.cymru/ Y Cymru] - A monthly newspaper, the only national paper in Welsh.

== Media ==

=== Movies ===

* Against the Dying of the Light - 2001 documentary interviewing Welsh actors, directors, and public figures about the importance that film has played and the importance of the National Screen and Sound Archive of Wales, and their work.

* Branwen - Welsh language drama set in Wales and Northern Ireland. Inspired by the story of the Second Branch of the Mabinogi.

* Cameleon - Welsh language story of an idealistic young man who joins the army, before unexpectedly returning home.

* Rhosyn a Rhith - Welsh language comedy focussed on the closure of a small town cinema, based in south Wales.

* Cysgod Rhyfel - Predominantly in Welsh, a documentary that focuses on the mental health of veteran soldiers and their families.

* Dal: Yma/Nawr - Welsh language documentary that focuses on and explores the poetic soul of Wales.

* Eldra - Welsh language movie that focuses on a Romani girl who comes to Bethesda to stay with her grandparents.

* The Feast - Welsh language fantasy horror that tells the story of a wealthy dinner party at an estate in the mountains of Wales.

* Hedd Wyn - Welsh language anti-war biopic based on the life of Ellis Humphrey Evans who was killed in World War I.

* Mr Jones - Available in Welsh, this movie is loosely based on the life a Welsh journalist called Gareth Jones who discovered the Holodomor.

* Noson Lawen - Welsh language feel-good movie based on the life of Sam Jones, a farmer's son who dreams of academia.

* Yr Ymadawiad - Welsh language drama that follows a tense story based in a remote Welsh forest.

* Patagonia - A Welsh-Argentina drama that focuses on the connection that Y Wladfa brings to two different countries.

* Rhestr Nadolig Wil - Welsh language Christmas movie that follows the story of an 8 year old boy called Wil, and his friendship with Santa.

* The Silent Village - A Welsh propaganda short-film/drama documentary from the 1940s, inspired by the Lidice massacre.

* Solomon a Gaenor - Welsh language romance that follows the "Romeo & Juliet" story of forbidden love between an Orthodox Jewish man and a gentile woman.

* Tylluan Wen - Welsh language drama based on Angharad Jones' novel Y Dylluan Wen.

* Dan y Wenallt - Welsh drama based on the radio drama of the same name.

[[Category:Welsh]]

Welsh/Getting started

2021-10-08T05:01:32Z

Drewgi: Brief summary of the history of the Welsh language

== About Welsh ==
=== History ===

Welsh is a modern European language with a long, rich history. It started to emerge as a distinct language between 400-700AD[https://learnwelsh.cymru/about-us/welsh-language-fast-facts/], known as primitive Welsh.

Somewhat more is known about the next main period of Welsh, Old Welsh (Hen Gymraeg). This was heard around the 9-11th centuries, across Wales and even up through Scotland. It was around this time, with the colonisation of Britain by Germanic and Gaelic speakers continuing, that Welsh, [[:Category:Cornish|Cornish]] and Cumbric were separated. Canu Aneirin (the Book of Aneirin) and Canu Taliesin (the Book of Taliesin) are both collections of works that are mainly in Old Welsh.

The next period of Welsh is known as Middle Welsh (Cymraeg Canol) which is heard around the 12-14th centuries. It's the earliest time period we have the most evidence for, and is fairly intelligible with modern Welsh (albeit some amount of work and understanding). Middle Welsh is also the language of the earliest existing Welsh law manuscripts, as well as the earliest examples in writing we have of the (already old then!) manuscripts of the Mabinogion. From this time period we also have a nice example of how strong the Welsh language, and it's people, are. Gerallt Gymro (Gerald of Wales), a famous cleric, liked to tell the story of King Henry II speaking to an old man, Pencader from Carmarthenshire, about whether he thought the Welsh language would survive.

:''"Whatever else may come to pass, I do not think that on the Day of Direst Judgement any race other than the Welsh, or any other language, will give answer to the Supreme Judge of all for this small corner of the earth"''

This brings us to Early Modern Welsh, heard from the early 15th century to the end of the 16th century. Henry VIIIs Act of the Union banned Welsh from being used in court, and Welsh only speakers weren't allowed to hold government office. This change saw that Welsh was viewed as the language of the lower classes, and wouldn't be repealed until 1993 with the passing of the Welsh language act.

=== Modern Welsh & Usage ===

Late Modern Welsh started with the translation of The Bible into Welsh, by William Morgan, in the late 1500s. There have been some changes to Welsh in the mean time, but a fluent speaker would be able to read things as far back as this without too much trouble.

The Welsh language had started to see a decline in the 1800s, and by 1911 was spoken by less than 50% of the population.[https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/themes/society/language_industrialrevolution.shtml] From a concerted effort by groups such as Urdd Gobaith Cymru (Welsh League of Hope) and Urdd Y Seren Fore (League of the Morning Star), as well as a resurgence in Welsh-medium education and general national pride, we have started to see a growth in the number of Welsh speakers starting in the early 2000s.

As of the 2021 Annual Population Survey, approximately 29% of people in Wales aged 3 or over were able to speak Welsh. There are Welsh speakers all over Wales, although the overall percentage of speakers in each area is a lot higher in the so named "heartlands". Some areas of Wales, such as Gwynedd, have a 75% Welsh speaking population. If you look at specific towns and villages, many have an 80%+ Welsh speaking population.

Despite the decline in percentages, the actual number of Welsh speakers alive today is close to the peak number of Welsh speakers ever alive (again, during 1911!), so Welsh is by no means going anywhere any time soon.

=== Dialects ===

You will often see the dialects of Welsh simplified as either northern (Gogledd) and southern (De). There are, however, four traditional dialects (as well as a bonus dialect).

* '''Y Wyndodeg''', the Gwynedd dialect
* '''Y Bowyseg''', the Powys dialect
* '''Y Ddyfedeg''', the Dyfed dialect
* '''Y Wenhwyseg''', the dialect of Gwent and Morgannwg
* '''Cymraeg y Wladfa''', the dialect of Patagonia (our bonus dialect)[https://kimkat.org/amryw/1_cymraeg/cymraeg_tafodieitheg_gymraeg_mynegai_1385e.htm]

Within these dialects, there will still be differences in words, spellings, and pronunciation. Some of these difference can be seen between neighbouring villages even. Some learners see this as daunting, but the similarities are really a lot greater than the differences. Everybody in Wales understands each other's Welsh just fine. It's nothing something for a beginner to worry over, just something to be aware of.

=== How to pick your dialect? ===

This really comes down to personal preference and what suits you best. Are you planning to spend time in certain spots of Wales? If you plan to spend more time up north, choose the Gogledd version of a course where available. If you plan to spend more time down south, choose the De version of a course where available. ''Learning one won't hold you back from speaking to someone who knows the other!''

Otherwise, it could be as simple a decision as listening to videos of Welsh people speaking and choosing what you like the sound of best[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0muJdaEe3hU].

== Resources ==

For a more extensive list, please see our [[Welsh/Resources|full resources]] page.

==== Courses ====

[https://learnwelsh.cymru/ LearnWelsh] - Government lead course, based on [https://learnwelsh.cymru/learning/curriculum-and-course-books/ these free textbooks] which are used in conjunction with [https://learnwelsh.cymru/learning/digital-resources/entry/ these digital resources]. In person and virtual lessons are available [https://learnwelsh.cymru/learning/find-a-course/ here]. You will find northern and southern versions of all resources.

[https://www.saysomethingin.com/welsh SaySomethingInWelsh] - A very successful "talking" course, based on colloquial and spoken Welsh. Requires login, but the old version of the course and part of the new version of the course is free. Access to the next levels of the course, as well as more advanced material, requires a subscription. It's a flat rate of £10/month. You can download each lessons audio file very easily for offline use, as well as a free app on both iOS and Android. You will find a northern and a southern version of the course.

[https://www.duolingo.com/ Duolingo] - A good introduction to Welsh, and good for learners who prefer more interactive learning. The course content is based on the content of the learnwelsh course, so works very well in conjunction with this course. Duolingo teaches both dialect as it goes along, including lessons specifically dedicated to vocabulary differences. The course also includes very good notes when using the desktop website.

==== Dictionaries ====

[https://geiriadur.uwtsd.ac.uk/ Geiriadur UWTSD] - The online dictionary for the University of Wales Trinity Saint David. A good dictionary that includes some audio files for more popular search terms. Doesn't include definitions, just a straight Welsh-English / English-Welsh translation dictionary.

[https://www.duolingo.com/dictionary/cy Duolingo Welsh Dictionary] - Not a very extensive dictionary but it includes many example sentences as well as audio for everything included.

[http://geiriadur.bangor.ac.uk/ Geiriadur Bangor] - An online version of Cysgair and the Termiadur Addysg by the University of Bangor.

[https://geiriadur.ac.uk/gpc/gpc.html GPC - Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru] - A dicitonary of the Welsh Language from the University of Wales. It's the only historical dictionary of Welsh, and gives definitions in both Welsh and English. It also gives historical examples, variant spellings/forms, collocations, and etymology.

[https://digi.prv.cymru Open Celtic Dictionary] - Open source dictionary with conjugations. Originally made for Welsh.

[http://termau.cymru/ Termau Cymru] - A searchable dictionary of specialised terminology, from the University of Bangor. This includes a list of specific terminology dictionaries.

==== Books ====

[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3912821-colloquial-welsh Colloquial Welsh] - This book from Gareth King is in of itself a course, but is also a very good resource for those learning Welsh from a more "standard" course who wants to strengthen their colloquial knowledge.

[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1135987.Modern_Welsh Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar] - Another book from Gareth King. This is a very, very extensive book on the finer points of grammar within the Welsh language. If you need to know every little rule about grammar when learning a language, this is the book for you.

==== Misc ====

[https://www.urdd.cymru/cy/ Urdd Gobaith Cymru] - Urdd is a national organisation dedicated to the promotion of Welsh is people under the age of 25. If you live in Wales and are under 25, find information for [https://www.urdd.cymru/en/my-area/ your local area here].

[[Category:Welsh]]

Welsh/Resources

2021-09-29T16:47:02Z

Drewgi: Added twitter, blogs,

= Free Resources =

== Books ==

=== Fiction ===

[https://hwb.gov.wales/repository/discovery?fields=resources&query=Coeden%20Ddarllen%20Rhydychen&sort=relevance&strict=1&fbclid=IwAR1imANEsRImubrb6wSZpq5zrJfQXtX_3ZlJyOacIFLtXsN5HLYyAyrGqlE Y Hwb Graded Books] - A list of dozens of graded books, starting from very simple and working it's way up in difficulty.

=== Non-fiction ===

==== Learn Welsh ====

[https://learnwelsh.cymru/learning/curriculum-and-course-books/ LearnWelsh Textbooks] - Government lead course, based on these free textbooks which are used in conjunction with [https://learnwelsh.cymru/learning/digital-resources/entry/ these digital resources]. In person and virtual lessons are available [https://learnwelsh.cymru/learning/find-a-course/ here]. You will find northern and southern versions of all resources.

==== Magazines & Journals ====

[https://issuu.com/y_selar Y Selar] - A quarterly Welsh language contemporary music magazine.

[https://journals.library.wales/ NLW Journal Archive] - The National Library of Wales digitised journals archive.

[https://newspapers.library.wales/ NLW Newspaper Archive] - The National Library of Wales digitised newspaper archive.

== Apps ==

[https://www.saysomethingin.com/welsh SaySomethingInWelsh] - A very successful course which is talked about in greater detail further down this page. This course can be downloaded as an app.

[https://www.duolingo.com/ Duolingo] - A good introduction to Welsh, and good for learners who prefer more interactive learning. The course content is based on the content of the learnwelsh course, so works very well in conjunction with this course. Duolingo teaches both dialect as it goes along, including lessons specifically dedicated to vocabulary differences. The course also includes very good notes when using the desktop website.

[https://ai.glossika.com/language/learn-welsh Glossika] - A space repetition learning course that offers multiple languages. Welsh is one of the free languages it provides.

[https://www.bangor.ac.uk/canolfanbedwyr/ap_geiriaduron.php.en Ap Geiriaduron] - A dictionary app that has lots of useful features, including multiple dictionaries, offline search, showing radicals, wildcard searches, et c.

[https://support.google.com/gboard/answer/6380730?hl=en-GB&co=GENIE.Platform%3DAndroid Gboard] & [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/swiftkey?activetab=pivot_1%3aprimaryr2 Swiftkey] - Two popular third-party keyboard apps that allow you to set multiple languages. This means you can have autocorrect/suggestions in both Welsh and English.

== Dictionaries ==

[https://geiriadur.uwtsd.ac.uk/ Geiriadur UWTSD] - The online dictionary for the University of Wales Trinity Saint David. A good dictionary that includes some audio files for more popular search terms. Doesn't include definitions, just a straight Welsh-English / English-Welsh translation dictionary.

[https://www.duolingo.com/dictionary/cy Duolingo Welsh Dictionary] - Not a very extensive dictionary but it includes many example sentences as well as audio for everything included.

[http://geiriadur.bangor.ac.uk/ Geiriadur Bangor] - An online version of Cysgair and the Termiadur Addysg by the University of Bangor.

[https://geiriadur.ac.uk/gpc/gpc.html GPC - Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru] - A dicitonary of the Welsh Language from the University of Wales. It's the only historical dictionary of Welsh, and gives definitions in both Welsh and English. It also gives historical examples, variant spellings/forms, collocations, and etymology.

[https://digi.prv.cymru Open Celtic Dictionary] - Open source dictionary with conjugations. Originally made for Welsh.

[https://geiriaduracademi.org/ Geiriadur yr Academi] - The Welsh Academy Dictionary from the University of Wales Press.

[http://termau.cymru/ Termau Cymru] - A searchable dictionary of specialised terminology, from the University of Bangor. This includes a list of specific terminology dictionaries.

[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cymraeg Wiktionary] - Wiktionary is a multi-lingual dictionary. It includes definitions, etymology, pronounciation (either through audio, IPA, or both), usage notes, mutations, conjugation, related terms, et c.

[http://ipa-reader.xyz/ IPA Reader] - This is a tool that works well in conjuntion with wiktionary. Simply find a word in wiktionary, copy and paste the IPA into this reader, and select "Gwyneth [Welsh]". It will then produce a downloadable Welsh audio file that pronounces the IPA.

== Media ==

=== Videos ===

* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSVIkpTts9Oox1hxAOwErlg/videos S4C] - S4C is the free-to-air Welsh language TV channel. This channel is their YouTube, where they post small self-contained clips from TV shows.

* [https://www.youtube.com/c/HanshS4C Hansh] - Hansh is S4Cs "teen/young adult" area, and this is their YouTube. They focus on funny and interesting videos where younger presenters explore different parts of Wales and Welsh culture/identity/history. The videos have varying degrees of Welsh, with some videos described as being in "Wenglish".

* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNoyEe-fp5yhtED-bkMAfrw/videos Heno] - Heno is S4Cs magazine programme.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/HwbTV/videos S4C - Dysgu Cymraeg] - Dysgu Cymraeg (not to be confused with LearnWelsh) is S4Cs YouTube channel dedicated to learners of Welsh. It contains a wide range of videos on all topics.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/GolwgTriChwechDim/videos Golwg 360] - Golwg is a Welsh-language magazine that covers current events. This YouTube channel are accompanying videos which are in Welsh.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/colegcymraeg/videos Coleg Cymraeg] - The Welsh language college works with universities around Wales to develop Welsh language medium opportunities. This YouTube is a collection of some of their projects.

* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCT2NfMee-YxsGaH852qTx3Q/videos Archif ITV Cymru] - Part of the National Screen & Sound Archive Of Wales' collection, based in the National Library. The archive contains around 200,000 items from 1958 onwards, based on Welsh-oriented programmes and broadcasts.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/MenterCaerdydd1/videos Menter Caerdydd] - Cardiff's Welsh language initiative, supporting Welsh in the community.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/plaidtv/videos Plaid TV] - Plaid Cymru is a Welsh National political party. They upload two videos, one in English and one in Welsh.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/DwrCymruWelshWater/videos Dŵr Cymru] - "Welsh Water" is a not for profit company that operates the water supplies for Wales. They upload lots of videos in both English and Welsh that detail the work they do, as well as general educational videos on how water treatment works.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/LiteratureWales/videos Llenyddiaeth Cymru] - The YouTube channel for Literature Wales. They post a lot of literary Welsh, such as book and poem readings, as well as discussion videos.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/pethecymru/videos Pethe Cymru] - a YouTube channel that focuses on the Arts in Wales.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/PethauBychainCymraeg/videos Cymraeg] - The Government's "Cymraeg" initiative.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/AthroCymraeg/videos Athro Cymraeg] - Videos dedicated to all aspects of learning Welsh, with a wide range of sub-series.

* [https://www.youtube.com/c/YnChwarae Yn Chwarae] ([https://www.twitch.tv/ynchwarae Twitch]) - Welsh gaming channel run by Menter Iaith Sir Caerffili.

=== TV ===

==== S4C ====

:[https://www.s4c.cymru/ S4C] is a free-to-air television channel. It was created in the early 80's, and was the first channel to be dedicated to producing content in the Welsh language.

:Some popular show examples include:

:* Peppa - A Welsh dub of the popular children's TV show "Peppa Pig". This is a great series for learners, especially those already familiar with the English version.

:* Rownd a Rownd - A drama set in the North of Wales, focused on the lives of young people.

:* FFermio - Weekly series that focuses on issues surrounding farming and the countryside.

:* Dechrau Canu, Dechrau Canmol - A series of hymn singing and worship.

:* Chwedloni - A show that focuses on unique stories that reflect contemporary life in Wales.

==== BBC Cymru ====

:[https://www.bbc.co.uk/cymru BBC Cymru] is the Welsh language regional division of the BBC. They have an agreement with S4C and the two work together to produce, and share, Welsh language media.

:Some popular show examples include:

:* Pobol Y Cwm - A popular soap opera that focusses on the lives of people in the fictional village of "Cwmderi", in south-west Wales.

:* Clwb Rygbi - A rugby union television show that focuses on commentary and analysis.

:* Newyddion - Simply a Welsh language news show. It may not seem exciting, but if you want to know what's happening in Wales, in Welsh, there's no one else.

=== Radio ===

Websites like [http://radio.garden/listen Radio.Garden] and [https://tunein.com/ TuneIn.Com] let you listen to radio stations from anywhere around the world.

'''Entirely In Welsh'''

* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_radio_cymru BBC Radio Cymru]
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_radio_cymru_2 BBC Radio Cymru 2]
* [https://en.cymru.fm/ Cymru.FM]
* [https://soundcloud.com/user-231251025 Radio Beca]

''' Bilingual'''

* [https://www.capitalfm.com/cymru/ Capital Cymru] - Welsh from 6am - 7pm on weekdays and 9am - 4pm on weekends.
* [https://monfm.co.uk/ Môn FM] - Regularly broadcasts both English and bilingual programming.

''' Daily Welsh Programmes '''

* [https://planetradio.co.uk/greatest-hits/south-wales/ Greatest Hits South Wales] - Welsh language show Sunday - Friday nights, with bilingual bulletins on weeknights.

* [https://www.capitalfm.com/northwales/radio/ Capital North West and Wales] - Has an hour long Welsh language programme each weekday.

* [https://www.gtfm.co.uk/ GTFM] - Welsh medium programmes on Tuesday and Sunday evenings.

=== Podcasts ===

[https://ypod.cymru/ Y Pod] - Y Pod is a website simply dedicated to listing any and every Welsh language focussed podcast. It includes anything from "Stori Tic Toc", the Radio Cymru children's bed time stories, to "Malu Cachu, Chwalu Stigma", a podcast dedicated to discussing, sharing, and breaking the stigma surrounding mental health.

Some popular podcast examples include:

* [https://merchedywawr.cymru/ Merched Y Wawr] - A Welsh medium Women's Institute, their podcast focuses on aspects of Women's life in Wales.

* [Highlights for Welsh Learners] - Produced by BBC Radio Cymru, these are the best bits of programs selected for their clear and simple presentation.

* [Y Coridor Ansicrwydd] - Produced by BBC Radio Cymru, Owain Tudor Jones and Malcolm Allen discuss football events.

* [Beti a'i Phobol] - Beti George speaks to some of the most interesting people in Wales.

* [https://twitter.com/melmaljal Mel Mal Jal] - A simple podcast of three talkative Welsh women chatting about what's interested them this week.

== Websites ==

=== Blogs ===

[https://senedd.cymru/senedd-nawr/blog-y-senedd/ Blog Y Senedd] - The blog for the Welsh Senedd.

[https://golwg.360.cymru/safbwynt Golwg360 Safbwynt] - Golwg360's column section, from various authors about different aspects of current affairs.

[https://ytwll.cymru/page/62/ Ytwll.Cymru] - A blog site where multiple authors post about various things, from Welsh heritage to kpop.

[https://www.felinfach.com/blogs/blog/tagged/welsh-language Felinfach] - A blog based on various aspects of Welsh culture or learning.

[https://pethmeddaldirmeddwl.wixsite.com/blogmeddwl/helo Peth Meddal Di'r Meddwl] - A personal blog dedicated to sharing experiences around mental health (social anxiety) as well as just general chatting.

[https://blogs.cardiff.ac.uk/mental-health/cy/ Iechyd Meddwl] - Cardiff University's mental health blog.

[https://blogs.cardiff.ac.uk/mediccymraeg/ Addysg Feddygol Cymraeg] - Cardiff University's blog dedicated to Welsh medium medical education.

[https://ymbarelblog.wordpress.com/about/ Ymbarel] - A student led mental health blog aimed at Welsh teenagers.

[https://www.timetochangewales.org.uk/cy/straeon-personol/ Straeon Personol] - Personal stories, in Welsh, from amser i newid.

[http://bywgydabipolar.com/ Byw Gyda BIPOLAR] - A blog dedicated to sharing experiences of what it's like to live with bipolar disorder.

[https://arddunrhiannon.com/about/ Arddun Rhiannon] - A blog focussed mainly on mental health but lots of posts about various other topics.

[https://emmareese.blogspot.com/ Fel Y Moroedd] - A personal blog that posts about day to day happenings and personal interests.

[https://www.blipfoto.com/tridral Tridral] - A personal blipfoto blog that does a photo a day, with some bilingual explanations.

[https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/cymru BBC Cymru] - BBC Cymru's blog, mostly abandoned but good reading practise.

[https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/radiocymru BBC Radio Cymru] - BBC Radio Cymru's blog, again abandoned but good reading practise.

[https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/c2 BBC Radio Cymru2] - BBC Radio Cymru 2's blog, also abandoned.

=== Twitter ===

[https://twitter.com/s4cdysgucymraeg S4C DysguCymraeg] - S4Cs learning Welsh twitter, lots of different media and information.

[https://twitter.com/learncymraeg National Centre for Learning Welsh] - Twitter dedicated to learning Welsh.

[https://twitter.com/dailywelshwords SaySomethingInWelsh] - A twitter for SSiW who regularly post event information.

[https://twitter.com/GwylNewydd Gwyl Newydd] - Newport's Welsh language arts festival.

[https://twitter.com/learncymraeg LearnCymraeg] - A twitter dedicated to learning Welsh.

[https://twitter.com/ypodcymru Y Pod Cymru] - Updates on new podcast episodes that are released in Welsh.

[https://twitter.com/Cymraeg Cymraeg] - Government backed project, their twitter is bilingual.

[https://twitter.com/Y_Wenhwyseg Y Wenhwyseg] - A twitter dedicated to the Gwentian dialect of Welsh.

=== Misc ===

[https://www.cysgliad.com/cysill/arlein/?locale=en Cysill Ar-lein] - An online grammar/mutation/spell checker. It's also available as a Microsoft Word extension.

[https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafan Wicipedia] - Welsh language Wikipedia.

[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/subjects/zjpfb9q BBC Bitesize Welsh] - BBC Bitesize Welsh Second Language page. Includes lessons, revision notes, quizzes/tests, et c, for multiple key stages.

[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/subjects/zjpfb9q BBC Bitesize TGAU] - BBC Bitesize TGAU page. Includes lessons, revision notes, quizzes/tests, et c, for all Welsh language GCSEs.

[https://www.bbc.co.uk/cymru BBC Cymru] - BBC's Welsh language news site.

[https://golwg.360.cymru/ Golwg360] - Asdie from just being a magazine, Golwg hosts online articles, including vocab tools for learners.

[https://parallel.cymru/?lang=en Parallel.Cymru] - Parallel.Cymru is an online bilingual magazine. All articles are in both Welsh and English. The site also includes other interesting resources, such as some Welsh cooking recipes.

[https://maes-e.com/ Maes-e.com] - A Welsh only bulletin board.

[https://toot.wales/about Toot.Wales] - A Welsh social media/microblogging network.

[https://amam.cymru/ambobdim amam.cymru] - A website and an app, a channel-driven platform dedicated to the arts in Wales.

[https://www.urdd.cymru/cy/ Urdd Gobaith Cymru] - Urdd is a national organisation dedicated to the promotion of Welsh is people under the age of 25. If you live in Wales and are under 25, find information for [https://www.urdd.cymru/en/my-area/ your local area here].

[http://www.casglwr.org/index.html Casglwr] - Casglwr is a publication by the Cymdeithas Bob Owen, a society started in the 1970s dedicated to collectors and lovers of books. The website includes archives of all of their publications, which detail rare and interesting books related to Wales and Welsh.

[https://meddwl.org/ Meddwl] - A Welsh medium mental health support site.

[https://www.mind.org.uk/cy/ Mind.Org] - Mind's Welsh language site.

= Paid For Resources =

== Books ==

Where to buy Welsh books? Where possible books will be linked with sites such as goodreads, as to not favour any specific store. Here is a list of some of the more popular book shops that either specialise in or have a large volume of Welsh-language books.

* [https://www.gwales.com/intro/ gwales.com] - A site that specialised specifically in Welsh-language written media, as well as English books that focus on aspects of Welsh language, culture, history, et c. Physical books, ebooks, magazines, reviews, recommendations. They cover books for all range ranges. This shop is run by "Llyfrau Cymru", the books Council of Wales. When buying with Gwales you can choose an independent bookshop to receive a commission from your purchase. They support international shipping, although duty/handling fees vary.

:* Do you live in Wales? Please use Gwales' [https://www.gwales.com/shopfinder/?tsid=4 shopfinder] to find an independent Welsh book shop in your area!

* [https://www.ffolio.wales/ ffolio.wales] - A site also run by the book Council of Wales, with a similar commission scheme. This site is focussed purely on e-books, but is otherwise the same as Gwales.

* [https://www.ylolfa.com Y Lolfa] - A Welsh language printing/publishing company. Established in the late 60's, Y Lolfa has been printing and publishing books for Welsh language authors where previous companies wouldn't. It's thanks, in part, to them that we have such diverse and creative Welsh written media. Their bookshop includes ebooks, audiobooks, as well as author information pages. They also support international shipping, although duty/handling fees vary.

* [https://siopypethe.cymru/ Siop Y Pethe] - A company that sells lots of Welsh products, but specialises in selling Welsh language books.

=== Fiction ===

=== Non-Fiction ====

==== Learn Welsh ====

[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3912821-colloquial-welsh Colloquial Welsh] - This book from Gareth King is in of itself a course, but is also a very good resource for those learning Welsh from a more "standard" course who wants to strengthen their colloquial knowledge.

[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1135987.Modern_Welsh Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar] - Another book from Gareth King. This is a very, very extensive book on the finer points of grammar within the Welsh language. If you need to know every little rule about grammar when learning a language, this is the book for you.

==== Magazines & Journals ====

A more comprehensive list of magazines can be found [https://www.ylolfa.com/directory/Magazines?p=1 here].

A more comprehensive list of newspapers can be found [https://www.ylolfa.com/directory/Papurau%20Bro%20(Local%20Welsh-medium%20Newspapers) here].

* [https://barn.cymru/ Barn] - A monthly current affairs magazine.
* [https://siopypethe.cymru/products/cristion Cristion] - A two monthly multi-denominational Christian magazine.
* [https://golwg.360.cymru/ Golwg] - A weekly current events magazine, the magazine with the largest circulation in Wales.
* [https://www.ytraethodydd.cymru/ Y Traethodydd] - A quarterly cultural magazine, covering topics related to history, theology, and literature.
* [https://ycymro.cymru/ Y Cymru] - A monthly newspaper, the only national paper in Welsh.

== Media ==

=== Movies ===

* Against the Dying of the Light - 2001 documentary interviewing Welsh actors, directors, and public figures about the importance that film has played and the importance of the National Screen and Sound Archive of Wales, and their work.

* Branwen - Welsh language drama set in Wales and Northern Ireland. Inspired by the story of the Second Branch of the Mabinogi.

* Cameleon - Welsh language story of an idealistic young man who joins the army, before unexpectedly returning home.

* Rhosyn a Rhith - Welsh language comedy focussed on the closure of a small town cinema, based in south Wales.

* Cysgod Rhyfel - Predominantly in Welsh, a documentary that focuses on the mental health of veteran soldiers and their families.

* Dal: Yma/Nawr - Welsh language documentary that focuses on and explores the poetic soul of Wales.

* Eldra - Welsh language movie that focuses on a Romani girl who comes to Bethesda to stay with her grandparents.

* The Feast - Welsh language fantasy horror that tells the story of a wealthy dinner party at an estate in the mountains of Wales.

* Hedd Wyn - Welsh language anti-war biopic based on the life of Ellis Humphrey Evans who was killed in World War I.

* Mr Jones - Available in Welsh, this movie is loosely based on the life a Welsh journalist called Gareth Jones who discovered the Holodomor.

* Noson Lawen - Welsh language feel-good movie based on the life of Sam Jones, a farmer's son who dreams of academia.

* Yr Ymadawiad - Welsh language drama that follows a tense story based in a remote Welsh forest.

* Patagonia - A Welsh-Argentina drama that focuses on the connection that Y Wladfa brings to two different countries.

* Rhestr Nadolig Wil - Welsh language Christmas movie that follows the story of an 8 year old boy called Wil, and his friendship with Santa.

* The Silent Village - A Welsh propaganda short-film/drama documentary from the 1940s, inspired by the Lidice massacre.

* Solomon a Gaenor - Welsh language romance that follows the "Romeo & Juliet" story of forbidden love between an Orthodox Jewish man and a gentile woman.

* Tylluan Wen - Welsh language drama based on Angharad Jones' novel Y Dylluan Wen.

* Dan y Wenallt - Welsh drama based on the radio drama of the same name.

[[Category:Welsh]]

Welsh/Resources

2021-09-29T14:07:02Z

Drewgi: More dictionaries added, magazines and journals added, more websites added, more apps added, movies added.

== Free Resources ==

=== Books ===
----
==== Fiction ====

[https://hwb.gov.wales/repository/discovery?fields=resources&query=Coeden%20Ddarllen%20Rhydychen&sort=relevance&strict=1&fbclid=IwAR1imANEsRImubrb6wSZpq5zrJfQXtX_3ZlJyOacIFLtXsN5HLYyAyrGqlE Y Hwb Graded Books] - A list of dozens of graded books, starting from very simple and working it's way up in difficulty.

==== Non-fiction ====

===== Learn Welsh =====

[https://learnwelsh.cymru/learning/curriculum-and-course-books/ LearnWelsh Textbooks] - Government lead course, based on these free textbooks which are used in conjunction with [https://learnwelsh.cymru/learning/digital-resources/entry/ these digital resources]. In person and virtual lessons are available [https://learnwelsh.cymru/learning/find-a-course/ here]. You will find northern and southern versions of all resources.

===== Magazines & Journals =====

[https://journals.library.wales/ NLW Journal Archive] - The National Library of Wales digitised journals archive.

[https://newspapers.library.wales/ NLW Newspaper Archive] - The National Library of Wales digitised newspaper archive.

=== Apps ===
----

[https://www.saysomethingin.com/welsh SaySomethingInWelsh] - A very successful course which is talked about in greater detail further down this page. This course can be downloaded as an app.

[https://www.duolingo.com/ Duolingo] - A good introduction to Welsh, and good for learners who prefer more interactive learning. The course content is based on the content of the learnwelsh course, so works very well in conjunction with this course. Duolingo teaches both dialect as it goes along, including lessons specifically dedicated to vocabulary differences. The course also includes very good notes when using the desktop website.

[https://ai.glossika.com/language/learn-welsh Glossika] - A space repetition learning course that offers multiple languages. Welsh is one of the free languages it provides.

[https://www.bangor.ac.uk/canolfanbedwyr/ap_geiriaduron.php.en Ap Geiriaduron] - A dictionary app that has lots of useful features, including multiple dictionaries, offline search, showing radicals, wildcard searches, et c.

[https://support.google.com/gboard/answer/6380730?hl=en-GB&co=GENIE.Platform%3DAndroid Gboard] & [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/swiftkey?activetab=pivot_1%3aprimaryr2 Swiftkey] - Two popular third-party keyboard apps that allow you to set multiple languages. This means you can have autocorrect/suggestions in both Welsh and English.

=== Dictionaries ===
----

[https://geiriadur.uwtsd.ac.uk/ Geiriadur UWTSD] - The online dictionary for the University of Wales Trinity Saint David. A good dictionary that includes some audio files for more popular search terms. Doesn't include definitions, just a straight Welsh-English / English-Welsh translation dictionary.

[https://www.duolingo.com/dictionary/cy Duolingo Welsh Dictionary] - Not a very extensive dictionary but it includes many example sentences as well as audio for everything included.

[http://geiriadur.bangor.ac.uk/ Geiriadur Bangor] - An online version of Cysgair and the Termiadur Addysg by the University of Bangor.

[https://geiriadur.ac.uk/gpc/gpc.html GPC - Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru] - A dicitonary of the Welsh Language from the University of Wales. It's the only historical dictionary of Welsh, and gives definitions in both Welsh and English. It also gives historical examples, variant spellings/forms, collocations, and etymology.

[https://digi.prv.cymru Open Celtic Dictionary] - Open source dictionary with conjugations. Originally made for Welsh.

[https://geiriaduracademi.org/ Geiriadur yr Academi] - The Welsh Academy Dictionary from the University of Wales Press.

[http://termau.cymru/ Termau Cymru] - A searchable dictionary of specialised terminology, from the University of Bangor. This includes a list of specific terminology dictionaries.

[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cymraeg Wiktionary] - Wiktionary is a multi-lingual dictionary. It includes definitions, etymology, pronounciation (either through audio, IPA, or both), usage notes, mutations, conjugation, related terms, et c.

[http://ipa-reader.xyz/ IPA Reader] - This is a tool that works well in conjuntion with wiktionary. Simply find a word in wiktionary, copy and paste the IPA into this reader, and select "Gwyneth [Welsh]". It will then produce a downloadable Welsh audio file that pronounces the IPA.

=== Media ===
----

==== Videos ====

* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSVIkpTts9Oox1hxAOwErlg/videos S4C] - S4C is the free-to-air Welsh language TV channel. This channel is their YouTube, where they post small self-contained clips from TV shows.

* [https://www.youtube.com/c/HanshS4C Hansh] - Hansh is S4Cs "teen/young adult" area, and this is their YouTube. They focus on funny and interesting videos where younger presenters explore different parts of Wales and Welsh culture/identity/history. The videos have varying degrees of Welsh, with some videos described as being in "Wenglish".

* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNoyEe-fp5yhtED-bkMAfrw/videos Heno] - Heno is S4Cs magazine programme.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/HwbTV/videos S4C - Dysgu Cymraeg] - Dysgu Cymraeg (not to be confused with LearnWelsh) is S4Cs YouTube channel dedicated to learners of Welsh. It contains a wide range of videos on all topics.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/GolwgTriChwechDim/videos Golwg 360] - Golwg is a Welsh-language magazine that covers current events. This YouTube channel are accompanying videos which are in Welsh.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/colegcymraeg/videos Coleg Cymraeg] - The Welsh language college works with universities around Wales to develop Welsh language medium opportunities. This YouTube is a collection of some of their projects.

* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCT2NfMee-YxsGaH852qTx3Q/videos Archif ITV Cymru] - Part of the National Screen & Sound Archive Of Wales' collection, based in the National Library. The archive contains around 200,000 items from 1958 onwards, based on Welsh-oriented programmes and broadcasts.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/MenterCaerdydd1/videos Menter Caerdydd] - Cardiff's Welsh language initiative, supporting Welsh in the community.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/plaidtv/videos Plaid TV] - Plaid Cymru is a Welsh National political party. They upload two videos, one in English and one in Welsh.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/DwrCymruWelshWater/videos Dŵr Cymru] - "Welsh Water" is a not for profit company that operates the water supplies for Wales. They upload lots of videos in both English and Welsh that detail the work they do, as well as general educational videos on how water treatment works.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/LiteratureWales/videos Llenyddiaeth Cymru] - The YouTube channel for Literature Wales. They post a lot of literary Welsh, such as book and poem readings, as well as discussion videos.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/pethecymru/videos Pethe Cymru] - a YouTube channel that focuses on the Arts in Wales.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/PethauBychainCymraeg/videos Cymraeg] - The Government's "Cymraeg" initiative.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/AthroCymraeg/videos Athro Cymraeg] - Videos dedicated to all aspects of learning Welsh, with a wide range of sub-series.

* [https://www.youtube.com/c/YnChwarae Yn Chwarae] ([https://www.twitch.tv/ynchwarae Twitch]) - Welsh gaming channel run by Menter Iaith Sir Caerffili.

==== TV ====

===== S4C =====

:[https://www.s4c.cymru/ S4C] is a free-to-air television channel. It was created in the early 80's, and was the first channel to be dedicated to producing content in the Welsh language.

:Some popular show examples include:

:* Peppa - A Welsh dub of the popular children's TV show "Peppa Pig". This is a great series for learners, especially those already familiar with the English version.

:* Rownd a Rownd - A drama set in the North of Wales, focused on the lives of young people.

:* FFermio - Weekly series that focuses on issues surrounding farming and the countryside.

:* Dechrau Canu, Dechrau Canmol - A series of hymn singing and worship.

:* Chwedloni - A show that focuses on unique stories that reflect contemporary life in Wales.

===== BBC Cymru =====

:[https://www.bbc.co.uk/cymru BBC Cymru] is the Welsh language regional division of the BBC. They have an agreement with S4C and the two work together to produce, and share, Welsh language media.

:Some popular show examples include:

:* Pobol Y Cwm - A popular soap opera that focusses on the lives of people in the fictional village of "Cwmderi", in south-west Wales.

:* Clwb Rygbi - A rugby union television show that focuses on commentary and analysis.

:* Newyddion - Simply a Welsh language news show. It may not seem exciting, but if you want to know what's happening in Wales, in Welsh, there's no one else.

==== Radio ====

Websites like [http://radio.garden/listen Radio.Garden] and [https://tunein.com/ TuneIn.Com] let you listen to radio stations from anywhere around the world.

'''Entirely In Welsh'''

* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_radio_cymru BBC Radio Cymru]
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_radio_cymru_2 BBC Radio Cymru 2]
* [https://en.cymru.fm/ Cymru.FM]
* [https://soundcloud.com/user-231251025 Radio Beca]

''' Bilingual'''

* [https://www.capitalfm.com/cymru/ Capital Cymru] - Welsh from 6am - 7pm on weekdays and 9am - 4pm on weekends.
* [https://monfm.co.uk/ Môn FM] - Regularly broadcasts both English and bilingual programming.

''' Daily Welsh Programmes '''

* [https://planetradio.co.uk/greatest-hits/south-wales/ Greatest Hits South Wales] - Welsh language show Sunday - Friday nights, with bilingual bulletins on weeknights.

* [https://www.capitalfm.com/northwales/radio/ Capital North West and Wales] - Has an hour long Welsh language programme each weekday.

* [https://www.gtfm.co.uk/ GTFM] - Welsh medium programmes on Tuesday and Sunday evenings.

==== Podcasts ====

[https://ypod.cymru/ Y Pod] - Y Pod is a website simply dedicated to listing any and every Welsh language focussed podcast. It includes anything from "Stori Tic Toc", the Radio Cymru children's bed time stories, to "Malu Cachu, Chwalu Stigma", a podcast dedicated to discussing, sharing, and breaking the stigma surrounding mental health.

Some popular podcast examples include:

* [https://merchedywawr.cymru/ Merched Y Wawr] - A Welsh medium Women's Institute, their podcast focuses on aspects of Women's life in Wales.

* [Highlights for Welsh Learners] - Produced by BBC Radio Cymru, these are the best bits of programs selected for their clear and simple presentation.

* [Y Coridor Ansicrwydd] - Produced by BBC Radio Cymru, Owain Tudor Jones and Malcolm Allen discuss football events.

* [Beti a'i Phobol] - Beti George speaks to some of the most interesting people in Wales.

* [https://twitter.com/melmaljal Mel Mal Jal] - A simple podcast of three talkative Welsh women chatting about what's interested them this week.

=== Websites ===
----

[https://www.cysgliad.com/cysill/arlein/?locale=en Cysill Ar-lein] - An online grammar/mutation/spell checker. It's also available as a Microsoft Word extension.

[https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafan Wicipedia] - Welsh language Wikipedia.

[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/subjects/zjpfb9q BBC Bitesize Welsh] - BBC Bitesize Welsh Second Language page. Includes lessons, revision notes, quizzes/tests, et c, for multiple key stages.

[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/subjects/zjpfb9q BBC Bitesize TGAU] - BBC Bitesize TGAU page. Includes lessons, revision notes, quizzes/tests, et c, for all Welsh language GCSEs.

[https://www.bbc.co.uk/cymru BBC Cymru] - BBC's Welsh language news site.

[https://golwg.360.cymru/ Golwg360] - Asdie from just being a magazine, Golwg hosts online articles, including vocab tools for learners.

[https://parallel.cymru/?lang=en Parallel.Cymru] - Parallel.Cymru is an online bilingual magazine. All articles are in both Welsh and English. The site also includes other interesting resources, such as some Welsh cooking recipes.

[https://maes-e.com/ Maes-e.com] - A Welsh only bulletin board.

[https://toot.wales/about Toot.Wales] - A Welsh social media/microblogging network.

[https://www.urdd.cymru/cy/ Urdd Gobaith Cymru] - Urdd is a national organisation dedicated to the promotion of Welsh is people under the age of 25. If you live in Wales and are under 25, find information for [https://www.urdd.cymru/en/my-area/ your local area here].

[http://www.casglwr.org/index.html Casglwr] - Casglwr is a publication by the Cymdeithas Bob Owen, a society started in the 1970s dedicated to collectors and lovers of books. The website includes archives of all of their publications, which detail rare and interesting books related to Wales and Welsh.

== Paid For Resources ==

=== Books ===
----
Where to buy Welsh books? Where possible books will be linked with sites such as goodreads, as to not favour any specific store. Here is a list of some of the more popular book shops that either specialise in or have a large volume of Welsh-language books.

* [https://www.gwales.com/intro/ gwales.com] - A site that specialised specifically in Welsh-language written media, as well as English books that focus on aspects of Welsh language, culture, history, et c. Physical books, ebooks, magazines, reviews, recommendations. They cover books for all range ranges. This shop is run by "Llyfrau Cymru", the books Council of Wales. When buying with Gwales you can choose an independent bookshop to receive a commission from your purchase. They support international shipping, although duty/handling fees vary.

:* Do you live in Wales? Please use Gwales' [https://www.gwales.com/shopfinder/?tsid=4 shopfinder] to find an independent Welsh book shop in your area!

* [https://www.ffolio.wales/ ffolio.wales] - A site also run by the book Council of Wales, with a similar commission scheme. This site is focussed purely on e-books, but is otherwise the same as Gwales.

* [https://www.ylolfa.com Y Lolfa] - A Welsh language printing/publishing company. Established in the late 60's, Y Lolfa has been printing and publishing books for Welsh language authors where previous companies wouldn't. It's thanks, in part, to them that we have such diverse and creative Welsh written media. Their bookshop includes ebooks, audiobooks, as well as author information pages. They also support international shipping, although duty/handling fees vary.

* [https://siopypethe.cymru/ Siop Y Pethe] - A company that sells lots of Welsh products, but specialises in selling Welsh language books.

==== Fiction ====

==== Non-Fiction ====

===== Learn Welsh =====

[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3912821-colloquial-welsh Colloquial Welsh] - This book from Gareth King is in of itself a course, but is also a very good resource for those learning Welsh from a more "standard" course who wants to strengthen their colloquial knowledge.

[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1135987.Modern_Welsh Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar] - Another book from Gareth King. This is a very, very extensive book on the finer points of grammar within the Welsh language. If you need to know every little rule about grammar when learning a language, this is the book for you.

===== Magazines & Journals =====

A more comprehensive list of magazines can be found [https://www.ylolfa.com/directory/Magazines?p=1 here].

A more comprehensive list of newspapers can be found [https://www.ylolfa.com/directory/Papurau%20Bro%20(Local%20Welsh-medium%20Newspapers) here].

* [https://barn.cymru/ Barn] - A monthly current affairs magazine.
* [https://siopypethe.cymru/products/cristion Cristion] - A two monthly multi-denominational Christian magazine.
* [https://golwg.360.cymru/ Golwg] - A weekly current events magazine, the magazine with the largest circulation in Wales.
* [https://www.ytraethodydd.cymru/ Y Traethodydd] - A quarterly cultural magazine, covering topics related to history, theology, and literature.
* [https://ycymro.cymru/ Y Cymru] - A monthly newspaper, the only national paper in Welsh.

=== Media ===
----
==== Movies ====

* Against the Dying of the Light - 2001 documentary interviewing Welsh actors, directors, and public figures about the importance that film has played and the importance of the National Screen and Sound Archive of Wales, and their work.

* Branwen - Welsh language drama set in Wales and Northern Ireland. Inspired by the story of the Second Branch of the Mabinogi.

* Cameleon - Welsh language story of an idealistic young man who joins the army, before unexpectedly returning home.

* Rhosyn a Rhith - Welsh language comedy focussed on the closure of a small town cinema, based in south Wales.

* Cysgod Rhyfel - Predominantly in Welsh, a documentary that focuses on the mental health of veteran soldiers and their families.

* Dal: Yma/Nawr - Welsh language documentary that focuses on and explores the poetic soul of Wales.

* Eldra - Welsh language movie that focuses on a Romani girl who comes to Bethesda to stay with her grandparents.

* The Feast - Welsh language fantasy horror that tells the story of a wealthy dinner party at an estate in the mountains of Wales.

* Hedd Wyn - Welsh language anti-war biopic based on the life of Ellis Humphrey Evans who was killed in World War I.

* Mr Jones - Available in Welsh, this movie is loosely based on the life a Welsh journalist called Gareth Jones who discovered the Holodomor.

* Noson Lawen - Welsh language feel-good movie based on the life of Sam Jones, a farmer's son who dreams of academia.

* Yr Ymadawiad - Welsh language drama that follows a tense story based in a remote Welsh forest.

* Patagonia - A Welsh-Argentina drama that focuses on the connection that Y Wladfa brings to two different countries.

* Rhestr Nadolig Wil - Welsh language Christmas movie that follows the story of an 8 year old boy called Wil, and his friendship with Santa.

* The Silent Village - A Welsh propaganda short-film/drama documentary from the 1940s, inspired by the Lidice massacre.

* Solomon a Gaenor - Welsh language romance that follows the "Romeo & Juliet" story of forbidden love between an Orthodox Jewish man and a gentile woman.

* Tylluan Wen - Welsh language drama based on Angharad Jones' novel Y Dylluan Wen.

* Dan y Wenallt - Welsh drama based on the radio drama of the same name.

[[Category:Welsh]]

Welsh/Resources

2021-09-26T20:05:03Z

Drewgi: Page creation: books, apps, dictionaries, media, websites

=== Free Resources ===

==== Books ====

Where to buy Welsh books? Where possible books will be linked with sites such as goodreads, as to not favour any specific store. Here is a list of some of the more popular book shops that either specialise in or have a large volume of Welsh-language books.

* [https://www.gwales.com/intro/ gwales.com] - A site that specialised specifically in Welsh-language written media, as well as English books that focus on aspects of Welsh language, culture, history, et c. Physical books, ebooks, magazines, reviews, recommendations. They cover books for all range ranges. This shop is run by "Llyfrau Cymru", the books Council of Wales. When buying with Gwales you can choose an independent bookshop to receive a commission from your purchase. They support international shipping, although duty/handling fees vary.

:* Do you live in Wales? Please use Gwales' [https://www.gwales.com/shopfinder/?tsid=4 shopfinder] to find an independent Welsh book shop in your area!

* [https://www.ffolio.wales/ ffolio.wales] - A site also run by the book Council of Wales, with a similar commission scheme. This site is focussed purely on e-books, but is otherwise the same as Gwales.

* [https://www.ylolfa.com Y Lolfa] - A Welsh language printing/publishing company. Established in the late 60's, Y Lolfa has been printing and publishing books for Welsh language authors where previous companies wouldn't. It's thanks, in part, to them that we have such diverse and creative Welsh written media. Their bookshop includes ebooks, audiobooks, as well as author information pages. They also support international shipping, although duty/handling fees vary.

* [https://siopypethe.cymru/ Siop Y Pethe] - A company that sells lots of Welsh products, but specialises in selling Welsh language books.

====== Fiction ======

[https://hwb.gov.wales/repository/discovery?fields=resources&query=Coeden%20Ddarllen%20Rhydychen&sort=relevance&strict=1&fbclid=IwAR1imANEsRImubrb6wSZpq5zrJfQXtX_3ZlJyOacIFLtXsN5HLYyAyrGqlE Y Hwb Graded Books] - A list of dozens of graded books, starting from very simple and working it's way up in difficulty.

====== Non-fiction ======

[https://learnwelsh.cymru/learning/curriculum-and-course-books/ LearnWelsh Textbooks] - Government lead course, based on these free textbooks which are used in conjunction with [https://learnwelsh.cymru/learning/digital-resources/entry/ these digital resources]. In person and virtual lessons are available [https://learnwelsh.cymru/learning/find-a-course/ here]. You will find northern and southern versions of all resources.

==== Apps ====

[https://www.saysomethingin.com/welsh SaySomethingInWelsh] - A very successful course which is talked about in greater detail further down this page. This course can be downloaded as an app.

[https://www.duolingo.com/ Duolingo] - A good introduction to Welsh, and good for learners who prefer more interactive learning. The course content is based on the content of the learnwelsh course, so works very well in conjunction with this course. Duolingo teaches both dialect as it goes along, including lessons specifically dedicated to vocabulary differences. The course also includes very good notes when using the desktop website.

==== Dictionaries ====

[https://geiriadur.uwtsd.ac.uk/ Geiriadur UWTSD] - The online dictionary for the University of Wales Trinity Saint David. A good dictionary that includes some audio files for more popular search terms. Doesn't include definitions, just a straight Welsh-English / English-Welsh translation dictionary.

[https://www.duolingo.com/dictionary/cy Duolingo Welsh Dictionary] - Not a very extensive dictionary but it includes many example sentences as well as audio for everything included.

[https://geiriadur.ac.uk/gpc/gpc.html GPC - Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru] - A dicitonary of the Welsh Language from the University of Wales. It's the only historical dictionary of Welsh, and gives definitions in both Welsh and English. It also gives historical examples, variant spellings/forms, collocations, and etymology.

[http://termau.cymru/ Termau Cymru] - A searchable dictionary of specialised terminology, from the University of Bangor. This includes a list of specific terminology dictionaries.

==== Media ====

===== Videos =====

* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSVIkpTts9Oox1hxAOwErlg/videos S4C] - S4C is the free-to-air Welsh language TV channel. This channel is their YouTube, where they post small self-contained clips from TV shows.

* [https://www.youtube.com/c/HanshS4C Hansh] - Hansh is S4Cs "teen/young adult" area, and this is their YouTube. They focus on funny and interesting videos where younger presenters explore different parts of Wales and Welsh culture/identity/history. The videos have varying degrees of Welsh, with some videos described as being in "Wenglish".

* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNoyEe-fp5yhtED-bkMAfrw/videos Heno] - Heno is S4Cs magazine programme.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/HwbTV/videos S4C - Dysgu Cymraeg] - Dysgu Cymraeg (not to be confused with LearnWelsh) is S4Cs YouTube channel dedicated to learners of Welsh. It contains a wide range of videos on all topics.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/GolwgTriChwechDim/videos Golwg 360] - Golwg is a Welsh-language magazine that covers current events. This YouTube channel are accompanying videos which are in Welsh.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/colegcymraeg/videos Coleg Cymraeg] - The Welsh language college works with universities around Wales to develop Welsh language medium opportunities. This YouTube is a collection of some of their projects.

* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCT2NfMee-YxsGaH852qTx3Q/videos Archif ITV Cymru] - Part of the National Screen & Sound Archive Of Wales' collection, based in the National Library. The archive contains around 200,000 items from 1958 onwards, based on Welsh-oriented programmes and broadcasts.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/MenterCaerdydd1/videos Menter Caerdydd] - Cardiff's Welsh language initiative, supporting Welsh in the community.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/plaidtv/videos Plaid TV] - Plaid Cymru is a Welsh National political party. They upload two videos, one in English and one in Welsh.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/DwrCymruWelshWater/videos Dŵr Cymru] - "Welsh Water" is a not for profit company that operates the water supplies for Wales. They upload lots of videos in both English and Welsh that detail the work they do, as well as general educational videos on how water treatment works.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/LiteratureWales/videos Llenyddiaeth Cymru] - The YouTube channel for Literature Wales. They post a lot of literary Welsh, such as book and poem readings, as well as discussion videos.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/pethecymru/videos Pethe Cymru] - a YouTube channel that focuses on the Arts in Wales.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/PethauBychainCymraeg/videos Cymraeg] - The Government's "Cymraeg" initiative.

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/AthroCymraeg/videos Athro Cymraeg] - Videos dedicated to all aspects of learning Welsh, with a wide range of sub-series.

===== TV =====

[https://www.s4c.cymru/ S4C] - S4C is a free-to-air television channel. It was created in the early 80's, and was the first channel to be dedicated to producing content in the Welsh language.

[https://www.bbc.co.uk/cymru BBC Cymru] - BBC Cymru is the Welsh language regional division of the BBC. They have an agreement with S4C and the two work together to produce, and share, the media they produce.

===== Radio =====

Websites like [http://radio.garden/listen Radio.Garden] and [https://tunein.com/ TuneIn.Com] let you listen to radio stations from anywhere around the world.

'''Entirely In Welsh'''

* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_radio_cymru BBC Radio Cymru]
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_radio_cymru_2 BBC Radio Cymru 2]
* [https://en.cymru.fm/ Cymru.FM]
* [https://soundcloud.com/user-231251025 Radio Beca]

''' Bilingual'''

* [https://www.capitalfm.com/cymru/ Capital Cymru] - Welsh from 6am - 7pm on weekdays and 9am - 4pm on weekends.
* [https://monfm.co.uk/ Môn FM] - Regularly broadcasts both English and bilingual programming.

''' Daily Welsh Programmes '''

* [https://planetradio.co.uk/greatest-hits/south-wales/ Greatest Hits South Wales] - Welsh language show Sunday - Friday nights, with bilingual bulletins on weeknights.

* [https://www.capitalfm.com/northwales/radio/ Capital North West and Wales] - Has an hour long Welsh language programme each weekday.

* [https://www.gtfm.co.uk/ GTFM] - Welsh medium programmes on Tuesday and Sunday evenings.

===== Podcasts =====

[https://ypod.cymru/ Y Pod] - Y Pod is a website simply dedicated to listing any and every Welsh language focussed podcast. It includes anything from "Stori Tic Toc", the Radio Cymru children's bed time stories, to "Malu Cachu, Chwalu Stigma", a podcast dedicated to discussing, sharing, and breaking the stigma surrounding mental health.

==== Websites ====

[https://www.urdd.cymru/cy/ Urdd Gobaith Cymru] - Urdd is a national organisation dedicated to the promotion of Welsh is people under the age of 25. If you live in Wales and are under 25, find information for [https://www.urdd.cymru/en/my-area/ your local area here].

=== Paid For Resources ===

==== Books ====

===== Fiction =====

===== Non-Fiction =====

[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3912821-colloquial-welsh Colloquial Welsh] - This book from Gareth King is in of itself a course, but is also a very good resource for those learning Welsh from a more "standard" course who wants to strengthen their colloquial knowledge.

[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1135987.Modern_Welsh Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar] - Another book from Gareth King. This is a very, very extensive book on the finer points of grammar within the Welsh language. If you need to know every little rule about grammar when learning a language, this is the book for you.

Welsh/Getting started

2021-09-25T22:27:27Z

Drewgi: Page creation: history, usage, dialects, resources

== About Welsh ==
=== History ===

Welsh is a modern European language with a long, rich history. It started to emerge as a distinct language between 400-700AD.[https://learnwelsh.cymru/about-us/welsh-language-fast-facts/]

=== Modern Welsh & Usage ===

Modern Welsh started with the translation of The Bible into Welsh, by William Morgan, in the late 1500s. There have been some changes to Welsh in the mean time, but a fluent speaker would be able to read things as far back as this without too much trouble.

The Welsh language had started to see a decline in the 1800s, and by 1911 was spoken by less than 50% of the population.[https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/themes/society/language_industrialrevolution.shtml] From a concerted effort by groups such as Urdd Gobaith Cymru (Welsh League of Hope) and Urdd Y Seren Fore (League of the Morning Star), as well as a resurgence in Welsh-medium education and general national pride, we have started to see a growth in the number of Welsh speakers starting in the early 2000s.

As of the 2021 Annual Population Survey, approximately 29% of people in Wales aged 3 or over were able to speak Welsh. There are Welsh speakers all over Wales, although the overall percentage of speakers in each area is a lot higher in the so named "heartlands". Some areas of Wales, such as Gwynedd, have a 75% Welsh speaking population. If you look at specific towns and villages, many have an 80%+ Welsh speaking population.

=== Dialects ===

You will often see the dialects of Welsh simplified as either northern (Gogledd) and southern (De). There are, however, four traditional dialects (as well as a bonus dialect).

* '''Y Wyndodeg''', the Gwynedd dialect
* '''Y Bowyseg''', the Powys dialect
* '''Y Ddyfedeg''', the Dyfed dialect
* '''Y Wenhwyseg''', the dialect of Gwent and Morgannwg
* '''Cymraeg y Wladfa''', the dialect of Patagonia (our bonus dialect)[https://kimkat.org/amryw/1_cymraeg/cymraeg_tafodieitheg_gymraeg_mynegai_1385e.htm]

Within these dialects, there will still be differences in words, spellings, and pronunciation. Some of these difference can be seen between neighbouring villages even. Some learners see this as daunting, but the similarities are really a lot greater than the differences. Everybody in Wales understands each other's Welsh just fine. It's nothing something for a beginner to worry over, just something to be aware of.

=== How to pick your dialect? ===

This really comes down to personal preference and what suits you best. Are you planning to spend time in certain spots of Wales? If you plan to spend more time up north, choose the Gogledd version of a course where available. If you plan to spend more time down south, choose the De version of a course where available. ''Learning one won't hold you back from speaking to someone who knows the other!''

Otherwise, it could be as simple a decision as listening to videos of Welsh people speaking and choosing what you like the sound of best[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0muJdaEe3hU].

== Resources ==

For a more extensive list, please see our [[Welsh/Resources|full resources]] page.

==== Courses ====

[https://learnwelsh.cymru/ LearnWelsh] - Government lead course, based on [https://learnwelsh.cymru/learning/curriculum-and-course-books/ these free textbooks] which are used in conjunction with [https://learnwelsh.cymru/learning/digital-resources/entry/ these digital resources]. In person and virtual lessons are available [https://learnwelsh.cymru/learning/find-a-course/ here]. You will find northern and southern versions of all resources.

[https://www.saysomethingin.com/welsh SaySomethingInWelsh] - A very successful "talking" course, based on colloquial and spoken Welsh. Requires login, but the old version of the course and part of the new version of the course is free. Access to the next levels of the course, as well as more advanced material, requires a subscription. It's a flat rate of £10/month. You can download each lessons audio file very easily for offline use, as well as a free app on both iOS and Android. You will find a northern and a southern version of the course.

[https://www.duolingo.com/ Duolingo] - A good introduction to Welsh, and good for learners who prefer more interactive learning. The course content is based on the content of the learnwelsh course, so works very well in conjunction with this course. Duolingo teaches both dialect as it goes along, including lessons specifically dedicated to vocabulary differences. The course also includes very good notes when using the desktop website.

==== Dictionaries ====

[https://geiriadur.uwtsd.ac.uk/ Geiriadur UWTSD] - The online dictionary for the University of Wales Trinity Saint David. A good dictionary that includes some audio files for more popular search terms. Doesn't include definitions, just a straight Welsh-English / English-Welsh translation dictionary.

[https://www.duolingo.com/dictionary/cy Duolingo Welsh Dictionary] - Not a very extensive dictionary but it includes many example sentences as well as audio for everything included.

[https://geiriadur.ac.uk/gpc/gpc.html GPC - Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru] - A dicitonary of the Welsh Language from the University of Wales. It's the only historical dictionary of Welsh, and gives definitions in both Welsh and English. It also gives historical examples, variant spellings/forms, collocations, and etymology.

[http://termau.cymru/ Termau Cymru] - A searchable dictionary of specialised terminology, from the University of Bangor. This includes a list of specific terminology dictionaries.

==== Books ====

[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3912821-colloquial-welsh Colloquial Welsh] - This book from Gareth King is in of itself a course, but is also a very good resource for those learning Welsh from a more "standard" course who wants to strengthen their colloquial knowledge.

[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1135987.Modern_Welsh Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar] - Another book from Gareth King. This is a very, very extensive book on the finer points of grammar within the Welsh language. If you need to know every little rule about grammar when learning a language, this is the book for you.

==== Misc ====

[https://www.urdd.cymru/cy/ Urdd Gobaith Cymru] - Urdd is a national organisation dedicated to the promotion of Welsh is people under the age of 25. If you live in Wales and are under 25, find information for [https://www.urdd.cymru/en/my-area/ your local area here].