Old Irish/Morphology - Revision history

Erisceres: /* Borrowed Nouns: */

2024-08-27T10:57:48Z

Borrowed Nouns:

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	* In '''{{smallcaps\|masc}} ''o''-stems''', the '''{{smallcaps\|voc.sg}}''' serves as a stable reference point, as it neither raises nor lowers. Relying on the '''{{smallcaps\|nom.sg}}''' as a reference can be misleading, as it might give the false impression that raising is being improperly blocked.		* In '''{{smallcaps\|masc}} ''o''-stems''', the '''{{smallcaps\|voc.sg}}''' serves as a stable reference point, as it neither raises nor lowers. Relying on the '''{{smallcaps\|nom.sg}}''' as a reference can be misleading, as it might give the false impression that raising is being improperly blocked.

	==== ~~Borrowed Nouns~~: ====		==== Exceptional Forms: ====

	* Nouns borrowed from other languages (e.g., Latin) may not follow the expected phonological rules since they did not undergo the same prehistoric developments. These nouns are integrated into Goidelic morphology through analogy, which can lead to apparent rule violations.		* Nouns borrowed from other languages (e.g., Latin) may not follow the expected phonological rules since they did not undergo the same prehistoric developments. These nouns are integrated into Goidelic morphology through analogy, which can lead to apparent rule violations.

Erisceres: /* Historical Form of the Root Vowel: */

2024-08-27T10:10:57Z

Historical Form of the Root Vowel:

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	==== Historical Form of the Root Vowel: ====		==== Historical Form of the Root Vowel: ====

	* It is ~~crucial~~ to use the historical form of the root vowel as a reference point when applying these rules. Although raising and lowering might seem to be inverse processes, they are distinct due to differing restrictions and should be treated separately.		* It is necessary to use the historical form of the root vowel as a reference point when applying these rules. Although raising and lowering might seem to be inverse processes, they are distinct due to differing restrictions and should be treated separately.
	* A root vowel can undergo either raising or lowering, but not both.		* A root vowel can undergo either raising or lowering, but not both.
	* In '''{{smallcaps\|masc}} ''o''-stems''', the '''{{smallcaps\|voc.sg}}''' serves as a stable reference point, as it neither raises nor lowers. Relying on the '''{{smallcaps\|nom.sg}}''' as a reference can be misleading, as it might give the false impression that raising is being improperly blocked.		* In '''{{smallcaps\|masc}} ''o''-stems''', the '''{{smallcaps\|voc.sg}}''' serves as a stable reference point, as it neither raises nor lowers. Relying on the '''{{smallcaps\|nom.sg}}''' as a reference can be misleading, as it might give the false impression that raising is being improperly blocked.

Erisceres: /* Examples */

2024-08-17T22:26:36Z

Examples

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	* '''{{smallcaps\|dat.sg}}''' ''baull'' '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟuː/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|dat.sg}}''' ''baull'' '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟuː/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|acc.pl}}''' ''baullu'' '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟuː/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟuːh/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟuːh/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|acc.pl}}''' ''baullu'' '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟuː/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟuːh/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟuːh/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|nom.sg}}''' ''fer'' '''{{IPA\|/~~ɸʲer~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/werɑ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/werɑh/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wirɑh/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|nom.sg}}''' ''fer'' '''{{IPA\|/f′er/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/werɑ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/werɑh/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wirɑh/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|voc.sg}}''' ''fir'' '''{{IPA\|/~~ɸʲirʲ~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wire/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|voc.sg}}''' ''fir'' '''{{IPA\|/f′ir′/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wire/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|gen.sg}}''' ''fir'' '''{{IPA\|/~~ɸʲirʲ~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiri/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiriː/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|gen.sg}}''' ''fir'' '''{{IPA\|/f′ir′/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiri/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiriː/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|dat.sg}}''' ''fiur'' '''{{IPA\|/~~ɸʲi~~<sup>u</sup>r/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wi<sup>u</sup>ru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruː/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|dat.sg}}''' ''fiur'' '''{{IPA\|/f′i<sup>u</sup>r/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wi<sup>u</sup>ru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruː/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|acc.pl}}''' ''firu'' '''{{IPA\|/~~ɸʲiru~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruː/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruːh/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|acc.pl}}''' ''firu'' '''{{IPA\|/f′iru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruː/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruːh/}}'''

	== Long Monophthongs in Monosyllabic Stems ==		== Long Monophthongs in Monosyllabic Stems ==

Erisceres: /* Examples */

2024-08-17T22:14:40Z

Examples

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	* '''{{smallcaps\|nom.sg}}''' ''ball'' '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟɑ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟɑh/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|nom.sg}}''' ''ball'' '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟɑ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟɑh/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|dat.sg}}''' ''baull'' '''{{IPA\|/~~bɑu̯ʟ~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/~~bɑu̯ʟu~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟuː/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|dat.sg}}''' ''baull'' '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟuː/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|acc.pl}}''' ''baullu'' '''{{IPA\|/~~bɑu̯ʟu~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/~~bɑu̯ʟuː~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/~~bɑu̯ʟuːh~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟuːh/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|acc.pl}}''' ''baullu'' '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟuː/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟuːh/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟuːh/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|nom.sg}}''' ''fer'' '''{{IPA\|/ɸʲer/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/werɑ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/werɑh/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wirɑh/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|nom.sg}}''' ''fer'' '''{{IPA\|/ɸʲer/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/werɑ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/werɑh/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wirɑh/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|voc.sg}}''' ''fir'' '''{{IPA\|/ɸʲirʲ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wire/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|voc.sg}}''' ''fir'' '''{{IPA\|/ɸʲirʲ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wire/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|gen.sg}}''' ''fir'' '''{{IPA\|/ɸʲirʲ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiri/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiriː/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|gen.sg}}''' ''fir'' '''{{IPA\|/ɸʲirʲ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiri/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiriː/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|dat.sg}}''' ''fiur'' '''{{IPA\|/~~ɸʲiu̯r~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/~~wiu̯ru~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruː/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|dat.sg}}''' ''fiur'' '''{{IPA\|/ɸʲi<sup>u</sup>r/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wi<sup>u</sup>ru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruː/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|acc.pl}}''' ''firu'' '''{{IPA\|/ɸʲiru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruː/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruːh/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|acc.pl}}''' ''firu'' '''{{IPA\|/ɸʲiru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruː/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruːh/}}'''

Erisceres: /* o-Stems */

2024-08-17T22:12:15Z

o-Stems

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	# Root vowels '''á''', '''ó''', '''ú''', or '''í''' do not alter throughout the paradigm.		# Root vowels '''á''', '''ó''', '''ú''', or '''í''' do not alter throughout the paradigm.
	# Root vowel '''é''' diphthongises<ref>Unlike the ''u''-infection of short vowels, the diphthongisation of '''é''' had certainly resulted in actual diphthongs.</ref> to '''{{IPA\|/eu/}}''' when followed by a palatalised consonant and is written as ''éoi'' or ''éui''.		# Root vowel '''é''' diphthongises<ref>Unlike the ''u''-infection of short vowels, the diphthongisation of '''é''' had certainly resulted in actual diphthongs, hence the distinction with the long vowels '''{{IPA\|/eu/}}''' and '''{{IPA\|/iu/}}''' from the short vowels '''{{IPA\|/a<sup>u</sup>/}}''', '''{{IPA\|/e<sup>u</sup>/}}''' and '''{{IPA\|/i<sup>u</sup>/}}'''.</ref> to '''{{IPA\|/eu/}}''' when followed by a palatalised consonant and is written as ''éoi'' or ''éui''.
	#* If ''é'' is preceded by a coronal, it diphthongises to '''{{IPA\|/iu/}}''' when followed by a palatalised consonant and written as ''íui''.		#* If ''é'' is preceded by a coronal, it diphthongises to '''{{IPA\|/iu/}}''' when followed by a palatalised consonant and written as ''íui''.
	# When the following syllable contains '''u''', or in the case of ''u''-infection, '''é''' diphthongises to '''{{IPA\|/eu/}}''' and is written as ''éo'' or ''éu''.		# When the following syllable contains '''u''', or in the case of ''u''-infection, '''é''' diphthongises to '''{{IPA\|/eu/}}''' and is written as ''éo'' or ''éu''.

Erisceres: /* Long Monophthongs in Monosyllabic Stems */

2024-08-17T22:08:18Z

Long Monophthongs in Monosyllabic Stems

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	# Root vowels '''á''', '''ó''', '''ú''', or '''í''' do not alter throughout the paradigm.		# Root vowels '''á''', '''ó''', '''ú''', or '''í''' do not alter throughout the paradigm.
	# Root vowel '''é''' diphthongises<ref>Unlike the ''u''-infection of short vowels, the diphthongisation of '''é''' had certainly resulted in actual diphthongs.</ref> to '''{{IPA\|/~~eːu̯~~/}}''' when followed by a palatalised consonant and is written as ''éoi'' or ''éui''.		# Root vowel '''é''' diphthongises<ref>Unlike the ''u''-infection of short vowels, the diphthongisation of '''é''' had certainly resulted in actual diphthongs.</ref> to '''{{IPA\|/eu/}}''' when followed by a palatalised consonant and is written as ''éoi'' or ''éui''.
	#* If ''é'' is preceded by a coronal, it diphthongises to '''{{IPA\|/~~iːu̯~~/}}''' when followed by a palatalised consonant and written as ''íui''.		#* If ''é'' is preceded by a coronal, it diphthongises to '''{{IPA\|/iu/}}''' when followed by a palatalised consonant and written as ''íui''.
	# When the following syllable contains '''u''', or in the case of ''u''-infection, '''é''' diphthongises to '''{{IPA\|/~~eːu̯~~/}}''' and is written as ''éo'' or ''éu''.		# When the following syllable contains '''u''', or in the case of ''u''-infection, '''é''' diphthongises to '''{{IPA\|/eu/}}''' and is written as ''éo'' or ''éu''.
	#* If '''é''' is preceded by a coronal and followed by '''u''', it diphthongises to '''{{IPA\|/~~iːu̯~~/}}''' and is written as ''íu''.		#* If '''é''' is preceded by a coronal and followed by '''u''', it diphthongises to '''{{IPA\|/iu/}}''' and is written as ''íu''.

	= Notes =		= Notes =

Erisceres: /* Short Monophthongs in Monosyllabic Stems */

2024-08-17T22:07:25Z

Short Monophthongs in Monosyllabic Stems

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	== Short Monophthongs in Monosyllabic Stems ==		== Short Monophthongs in Monosyllabic Stems ==

	The stressed vowel in the initial syllable of monosyllabic stems, if it is a short monophthong, may undergo alternations due to various prehistoric developments in Goidelic phonology and morphology. These alternations can involve raising, lowering, or ~~diphthongisation~~<ref>The alternations to vowels affected by u-infection may not actually be diphthongs, but in accordance with convention and for the sake of simplicity, they will here be treated as such.</ref> (via ''u''-infection). The specific alternations depend on the vowel’s quality and the paradigmatic form.		The stressed vowel in the initial syllable of monosyllabic stems, if it is a short monophthong, may undergo alternations due to various prehistoric developments in Goidelic phonology and morphology. These alternations can involve raising, lowering, or “diphthongisation”<ref>The alternations to short stressed vowels affected by ''u''-infection may not actually be diphthongs, but in accordance with convention and for the sake of simplicity, they will here be treated as such.</ref> (via ''u''-infection). The specific alternations depend on the vowel’s quality and the paradigmatic form.

	=== Key Considerations: ===		=== Key Considerations: ===

Erisceres: /* Chronological Background */

2024-08-17T22:04:34Z

Chronological Background

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	# Stressed interconsonantal '''{{IPA\|/e/}}''' and '''{{IPA\|/o/}}''' raised to '''{{IPA\|/i/}}''' and '''{{IPA\|/u/}}''' respectively when the following syllable had a high monophthong ('''{{IPA\|/i, iː, u, uː/}}''').		# Stressed interconsonantal '''{{IPA\|/e/}}''' and '''{{IPA\|/o/}}''' raised to '''{{IPA\|/i/}}''' and '''{{IPA\|/u/}}''' respectively when the following syllable had a high monophthong ('''{{IPA\|/i, iː, u, uː/}}''').
	#* Condition: The following consonant must be a voiced single consonant or a nasal + plosive cluster.		#* Condition: The following consonant must be a voiced single consonant or a nasal + plosive cluster.
	# Stressed '''{{IPA\|/ɑ/}}''' ~~diphthongised~~ to '''{{IPA\|/~~ɑu̯~~/}}''' when the following syllable contained '''{{IPA\|/u, uː/}}'''.		# Stressed '''{{IPA\|/ɑ/}}''' altered to '''{{IPA\|/ɑ<sup>u</sup>/}}''' when the following syllable contained '''{{IPA\|/u, uː/}}'''.
	# Stressed and unstressed '''{{IPA\|/e, i~~, o~~/}}''' ~~diphthongised~~ to '''{{IPA\|/~~eu̯~~, ~~iu̯, ou̯~~/}}''' when the following syllable contained '''{{IPA\|/u/}}''', but not '''{{IPA\|/uː/}}'''.		# Stressed and unstressed '''{{IPA\|/e, i/}}''' altered to '''{{IPA\|/e<sup>u</sup>, i<sup>u</sup>/}}''' when the following syllable contained '''{{IPA\|/u/}}''', but not '''{{IPA\|/uː/}}'''.
	#* '''{{IPA\|/sː/}}''' in '''{{IPA\|/esːu/}}''' blocked diphthongisation of stressed '''{{IPA\|/e/}}''' but allowed it for unstressed '''{{IPA\|/e, i/}}'''.		#* '''{{IPA\|/sː/}}''' in '''{{IPA\|/esːu/}}''' blocked diphthongisation of stressed '''{{IPA\|/e/}}''' but allowed it for unstressed '''{{IPA\|/e, i/}}'''.
	# Stressed and unstressed '''{{IPA\|/i, u/}}''' lowered to '''{{IPA\|/e, o/}}''' when the following syllable had non-high back monophthongs ('''{{IPA\|/ɑ, ɑː, o, oː/}}''').		# Stressed and unstressed '''{{IPA\|/i, u/}}''' lowered to '''{{IPA\|/e, o/}}''' when the following syllable had non-high back monophthongs ('''{{IPA\|/ɑ, ɑː, o, oː/}}''').

Erisceres: /* Stressed Syllables: */

2024-08-17T21:51:52Z

Stressed Syllables:

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	==== Stressed Syllables: ====		==== Stressed Syllables: ====

	* '''a''', '''e''', '''i''' diphthongise into '''au''', '''eu''', '''iu'''.<ref>There is only one known written example in an early manuscript where '''o''' diphthongises into '''ou''' ~~under these conditions and~~ generally does not appear to occur.</ref>		* '''a''', '''e''', '''i''' diphthongise into '''au''', '''eu''', '''iu'''.<ref>There is only one known written example in an early manuscript where the '''o''' in '''{{smallcaps\|nom.sg}}''' ''roth'' diphthongises into '''ou''' in '''{{smallcaps\|dat.sg}}''' ''routh'', but the ''u''-infection of '''o''' generally does not appear to occur.</ref>
	** '''Blocked''' historically by geminated '''-ss-''' in words like ''mes''.		** '''Blocked''' historically by geminated '''-ss-''' in words like ''mes''.
	** Exceptions: some inherited Celtic words (e.g., ''macc'') and some borrowed words (e.g., ''salm'') do not undergo ''u''-infection.		** Exceptions: some inherited Celtic words (e.g., ''macc'') and some borrowed words (e.g., ''salm'') do not undergo ''u''-infection.

Erisceres: /* u-Infection: */

2024-08-17T21:47:28Z

u-Infection:

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	* '''a''', '''e''', '''i''' diphthongise into '''au''', '''eu''', '''iu'''.<ref>There is only one known written example in an early manuscript where '''o''' diphthongises into '''ou''' under these conditions and generally does not appear to occur.</ref>		* '''a''', '''e''', '''i''' diphthongise into '''au''', '''eu''', '''iu'''.<ref>There is only one known written example in an early manuscript where '''o''' diphthongises into '''ou''' under these conditions and generally does not appear to occur.</ref>
	** '''Blocked''' historically by geminated '''-ss-''' in words like ''mes''.		** '''Blocked''' historically by geminated '''-ss-''' in words like ''mes''.
	** Exceptions: ''macc'', ''salm''~~, and ''folt''~~ do not undergo ''u''-infection.		** Exceptions: some inherited Celtic words (e.g., ''macc'') and some borrowed words (e.g., ''salm'') do not undergo ''u''-infection.

	==== Unstressed Syllables: ====		==== Unstressed Syllables: ====

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	* '''{{smallcaps\|dat.sg}}''' ''baull'' '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟuː/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|dat.sg}}''' ''baull'' '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟuː/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|acc.pl}}''' ''baullu'' '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟuː/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟuːh/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟuːh/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|acc.pl}}''' ''baullu'' '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟuː/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟuːh/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟuːh/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|nom.sg}}''' ''fer'' '''{{IPA\|/~~ɸʲer~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/werɑ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/werɑh/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wirɑh/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|nom.sg}}''' ''fer'' '''{{IPA\|/f′er/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/werɑ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/werɑh/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wirɑh/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|voc.sg}}''' ''fir'' '''{{IPA\|/~~ɸʲirʲ~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wire/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|voc.sg}}''' ''fir'' '''{{IPA\|/f′ir′/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wire/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|gen.sg}}''' ''fir'' '''{{IPA\|/~~ɸʲirʲ~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiri/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiriː/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|gen.sg}}''' ''fir'' '''{{IPA\|/f′ir′/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiri/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiriː/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|dat.sg}}''' ''fiur'' '''{{IPA\|/~~ɸʲi~~<sup>u</sup>r/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wi<sup>u</sup>ru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruː/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|dat.sg}}''' ''fiur'' '''{{IPA\|/f′i<sup>u</sup>r/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wi<sup>u</sup>ru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruː/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|acc.pl}}''' ''firu'' '''{{IPA\|/~~ɸʲiru~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruː/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruːh/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|acc.pl}}''' ''firu'' '''{{IPA\|/f′iru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruː/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruːh/}}'''

	== Long Monophthongs in Monosyllabic Stems ==		== Long Monophthongs in Monosyllabic Stems ==

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	* '''{{smallcaps\|nom.sg}}''' ''ball'' '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟɑ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟɑh/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|nom.sg}}''' ''ball'' '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟɑ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟɑh/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|dat.sg}}''' ''baull'' '''{{IPA\|/~~bɑu̯ʟ~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/~~bɑu̯ʟu~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟuː/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|dat.sg}}''' ''baull'' '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟuː/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|acc.pl}}''' ''baullu'' '''{{IPA\|/~~bɑu̯ʟu~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/~~bɑu̯ʟuː~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/~~bɑu̯ʟuːh~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟuːh/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|acc.pl}}''' ''baullu'' '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟu/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟuː/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑ<sup>u</sup>ʟuːh/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/bɑʟuːh/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|nom.sg}}''' ''fer'' '''{{IPA\|/ɸʲer/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/werɑ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/werɑh/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wirɑh/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|nom.sg}}''' ''fer'' '''{{IPA\|/ɸʲer/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/werɑ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/werɑh/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wirɑh/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|voc.sg}}''' ''fir'' '''{{IPA\|/ɸʲirʲ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wire/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|voc.sg}}''' ''fir'' '''{{IPA\|/ɸʲirʲ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wire/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|gen.sg}}''' ''fir'' '''{{IPA\|/ɸʲirʲ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiri/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiriː/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|gen.sg}}''' ''fir'' '''{{IPA\|/ɸʲirʲ/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiri/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiriː/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|dat.sg}}''' ''fiur'' '''{{IPA\|/~~ɸʲiu̯r~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/~~wiu̯ru~~/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruː/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|dat.sg}}''' ''fiur'' '''{{IPA\|/ɸʲi<sup>u</sup>r/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wi<sup>u</sup>ru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruː/}}'''
	* '''{{smallcaps\|acc.pl}}''' ''firu'' '''{{IPA\|/ɸʲiru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruː/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruːh/}}'''		* '''{{smallcaps\|acc.pl}}''' ''firu'' '''{{IPA\|/ɸʲiru/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruː/}}''' ← '''{{IPA\|/wiruːh/}}'''

← Stumm kent		Stumm eus an 17 Eos 2024 da 22:04
Linenn 71:		Linenn 71:
	# Stressed interconsonantal '''{{IPA\|/e/}}''' and '''{{IPA\|/o/}}''' raised to '''{{IPA\|/i/}}''' and '''{{IPA\|/u/}}''' respectively when the following syllable had a high monophthong ('''{{IPA\|/i, iː, u, uː/}}''').		# Stressed interconsonantal '''{{IPA\|/e/}}''' and '''{{IPA\|/o/}}''' raised to '''{{IPA\|/i/}}''' and '''{{IPA\|/u/}}''' respectively when the following syllable had a high monophthong ('''{{IPA\|/i, iː, u, uː/}}''').
	#* Condition: The following consonant must be a voiced single consonant or a nasal + plosive cluster.		#* Condition: The following consonant must be a voiced single consonant or a nasal + plosive cluster.
	# Stressed '''{{IPA\|/ɑ/}}''' ~~diphthongised~~ to '''{{IPA\|/~~ɑu̯~~/}}''' when the following syllable contained '''{{IPA\|/u, uː/}}'''.		# Stressed '''{{IPA\|/ɑ/}}''' altered to '''{{IPA\|/ɑ<sup>u</sup>/}}''' when the following syllable contained '''{{IPA\|/u, uː/}}'''.
	# Stressed and unstressed '''{{IPA\|/e, i~~, o~~/}}''' ~~diphthongised~~ to '''{{IPA\|/~~eu̯~~, ~~iu̯, ou̯~~/}}''' when the following syllable contained '''{{IPA\|/u/}}''', but not '''{{IPA\|/uː/}}'''.		# Stressed and unstressed '''{{IPA\|/e, i/}}''' altered to '''{{IPA\|/e<sup>u</sup>, i<sup>u</sup>/}}''' when the following syllable contained '''{{IPA\|/u/}}''', but not '''{{IPA\|/uː/}}'''.
	#* '''{{IPA\|/sː/}}''' in '''{{IPA\|/esːu/}}''' blocked diphthongisation of stressed '''{{IPA\|/e/}}''' but allowed it for unstressed '''{{IPA\|/e, i/}}'''.		#* '''{{IPA\|/sː/}}''' in '''{{IPA\|/esːu/}}''' blocked diphthongisation of stressed '''{{IPA\|/e/}}''' but allowed it for unstressed '''{{IPA\|/e, i/}}'''.
	# Stressed and unstressed '''{{IPA\|/i, u/}}''' lowered to '''{{IPA\|/e, o/}}''' when the following syllable had non-high back monophthongs ('''{{IPA\|/ɑ, ɑː, o, oː/}}''').		# Stressed and unstressed '''{{IPA\|/i, u/}}''' lowered to '''{{IPA\|/e, o/}}''' when the following syllable had non-high back monophthongs ('''{{IPA\|/ɑ, ɑː, o, oː/}}''').