Caoimhín: Category Welsh

2022-06-25T22:08:52Z

Category Welsh

←Aavriwnys ny shinney		Aavriwnys veih 22:08, 25 Mean Souree 2022
Linney 197:		Linney 197:
	== Conditional ==		== Conditional ==
	== Imperative tense ==		== Imperative tense ==

			[[Category:Welsh]]

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2021-10-02T15:42:48Z

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Duillag noa

Similar to other Celtic languages and languages such as French, Spanish and German, verbs in Welsh are '''conjugated''' or inflected based on both tense and person.
This means that suffixes which are added at the end of the stem of the word transmits information about who and when the verb is referring to.
Compared to English, Welsh has generally very few irregular verbs.
Due to this, conjugations in Welsh is fairly straight forward.

= Irregular verbs =
This section will contain a brief overview of the 5 most irregular verbs in Welsh.
All of these 5 verbs are very common and their conjugated forms are used all the time.
=== Bod (to be) ===
=== Cael (to have) ===
=== Dod (to come) ===
=== Mynd (to go) ===
=== Gwneud (to do) ===

= Regular verbs =
=== Suffix table ===

{| class=wikitable
! Tense
! S1
! S2
! S3
! P1
! P2
! P3
|-
! Past
| -ais
| -aist
| -odd
| -on
| -och
| -on
|-
! Future
| -af/-a
| -i
| -iff/-ith
| -wn
| -wch
| -an
|-
! Conditional
| -wn
| -et
| -ai
| -en
| -ech
| -en
|-
! Imperative
|
| -a
|
|
| -wch
|
|}

=== Example ===

Here is the conjugation table for the verb '''gweld''' meaning ''to see''.

{| class=wikitable
! Tense
! S1
! S2
! S3
! P1
! P2
! P3
|-
! Past
| gwelais
| gwelaist
| gwelodd
| gwelon
| gweloch
| gwelon
|-
! Future
| gwelaf/gwela
| gweli
| gweliff/gwelith
| gwelwn
| gwelwch
| gwelan
|-
! Conditional
| gwelwn
| gwelet
| gwelai
| gwelen
| gwelech
| gwelen
|-
! Imperative
|
| gwela
|
|
| gwelwch
|
|}

= Tenses =
In this article we will go over the most common conjugations and paraphrastic ways of indicating the tense.
In spoken Welsh, using axillary verbs like bod and gwneud is more common than in formal written Welsh.

While more tenses are available, especially in written Welsh, this article will describe the most common ones:
present, past, future, conditional, and imperative as well as some available paraphrastic patterns.

== Particles ==
=== Yn / 'n ===
=== Wedi ===

== Present tense ==
In Welsh, present tense if formed using a paraphrastic pattern using the verb '''bod''' (to be) as an auxiliary verb.
This is the equivalent of using the verb to be in English, for example ''I '''am''' going''.
Bod is highly irregular, but for present tense these are some of the most common variants:

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=3 | Welsh
! rowspan=2 | English
|-
! Affirmative
! Interrogative
! Negative
|-
| colspan=3 | Dw i
| rowspan=2 | I am
|-
| Rydw i
| Ydw i
| Dydw i
|-
| Rwyt ti
| Wyt ti
| Dwyt ti
| You are (singular)
|-
| Mae e/o/hi
| Ydy e/o/hi
| Dydy/Dyw e/o/hi
| He/she is
|-
| colspan=3 | Dyn/Dan ni
| We are
|-
| colspan=3 | Dych/Dach chi
| You are (plural)
|-
| Maen nhw
| Ydyn nhw
| Dydyn nhw
| They are
|-

|}

For a full overview of possible conjugations of bod, please consult the article specifically about bod.

By using a conjugation of bod, either yn or wedi, and a verb, we can form a pattern that indicate that something is taking place in the present time.
So for example:
: Rwyt ti'n mynd
: ''You are going''

: Mae hi'n mynd
: ''She is going''

Note that yn gets merged with the vowel in front and becomes ''''n'''

By using the particle wedi instead we get:
: Rwyt ti wedi mynd
: ''You have gone'''

=== Negative statements ===
If we want to negate the sentence, we need to insert the word '''ddim'' between a negative conjugation of bod and the particle we are using.
: Dwyt ti ddim yn mynd
: ''You are not going''

=== Questions ===
If we want to ask a question we simply replace the conjugation of bod with its interrogative version like:
: Wyt ti'n mynd?
: ''Are you going?''

== Past tense ==

=== Imperfect ===
=== Using gwneud ===

== Future tense ==
=== I will (bod) ===
=== I am going to (mynd i)===

== Conditional ==
== Imperative tense ==

Welsh/Conjugations - Revision history

Caoimhín: Category Welsh

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