An difríocht idir athruithe ar: "Ulster Irish/Dúlra"

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I (Jake Dalzell) spent two weeks in the Donegal Gaeltacht in June 2025. Here are some words I heard that refer to the natural world, animals, etc. Note here [è] is a vowel between [ɛ] and [e].
(Jake Dalzell 27/06/25)
 
Bhí mé i nGaeltacht Thír Chonaill ar feadh coicíse i mí an Mheithimh 2025. Seo cuid de na focla a chuala mé a bhaineas leis an dúlra, ainmhíthe, an iascaireacht, an talmhaíocht ⁊rl. Bíodh a fhios agad gur guta eadar [ɛ] agus [e] atá in [è].
 
==== Aice ====
 
Poll/eag i gcarraig is maith le gliomaigh agus crúbógaí.
 
Rann na Feirste [ak´ə], pl. [nə ˈhak´iə̆hə]
 
==== Aicíd na bpréataí ====
 
''Phytophthora infestans'' (Béarla ''potato blight'')
 
Rann na Feirste [ak´ɪ̈d̚´ nə b´rɛːti]
 
==== Ain-bheathaigh ====
 
Ainmhithe contúirteacha na farraige (searcannaí srl)
 
Rann na Feirste [ˈan´ˌv´ɛhi]
 
==== Aiste ====
 
Fonn léim ar iasc (Béarla ''condition where the fish want to jump into boat/net'')
 
Rann na Feirste [aɕt´ə] Aiste a chur ar an iasc
 
==== Baoite ====
 
Béarla ''fishing bait''
 
Rann na Feirste [bwɑitə]


==== Beathach ====
==== Beathach ====


''horse''
Béarla ''horse''
 
Árainn Mhór [b´èəx], ''ar a bheathach'' [ɛr ə ˈv´èəx]
 
Rann na Feirste [b´ɛəh]
 
Cf. Toraigh [b´aː]<ref name="Hamilton">Hamilton, J. N. (1974). ''A phonetic study of the Irish of Tory Island, Co. Donegal.'' Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University of Belfast.
</ref>
 
==== Breallach ====
 
''Lutraria'' spp. (Béarla ''otter shell'')
 
Rann na Feirste [b´r´aʟa], pl. [b´r´aʟi]
 
==== Cahootchie? ====


Árainn Mhór [bèəx], ''ar a bheathach'' [ɛr ə ˈv´èəx]
Béarla ''fishing spinner''


Compare Toraigh [b´aː]<ref name="Hamilton"></ref>.
Rann na Feirste [kaˈhut´ɕi]
 
Tháinig seo as ainm branda de réir an chainteora.
 
==== Cailleach ====
 
1. Préataí beaga fágtha i ndiaidh an fhómhair
 
Rann na Feirste pl. [kaʟ´ahai]
 
2. (Cailleach dhubh) ''Phalacrocorax carbo'' (Béarla ''Cormorant'')


==== Cáitheadh na dtonn ====
==== Cáitheadh na dtonn ====


''sea spray''
Béarla ''sea spray''


Rann na Feirste [kæhu]
Rann na Feirste [kæhu]


This has been merged with ''caitheadh'' which is pronounced the same way.
Níl duifear fuaime eadar seo agus ''caitheadh''.
 
==== Cál faiche ====
 
''Urtica dioica'' (Béarla ''nettles'')
 
Rann na Feirste [ˌkɑˑl ˈfæˑj]


==== Caora ====
==== Caora ====
Líne 21: Líne 84:
Rann na Feirste gen. pl. [ɴə gᴇːrəx]
Rann na Feirste gen. pl. [ɴə gᴇːrəx]


This is the traditional genitive plural, with a different vowel [ᴇː] to the nominative [ɯː].
An fhoirm ghinideach iolra thraidisiúnta le [ᴇː] – insa tuiseal ainmneach bíonn [ʉː] ann.


==== Clár ====
==== Clár ====


''flat plain (of the sea)''
Béarla ''flat plain (of the sea)''


Toraigh “Tá an fharraige 'na chlár.”
Toraigh “Tá an fharraige 'na chlár.”
==== Cloch bheag doirnín ====
Rann na Feirste [klɔʰ v´ɘg dɔrɴ´in´]
==== Cnuasach ====
Béarla ''foraging (on the shore)''
Rann na Feirste gen. [d´ænu cruːsi] Bheadh na mná ag déanamh cnuasaigh.
==== Coraíocht ====
Béarla ''(arable) cultivation''
Rann na Feirste [fi ˈxɔriaʰt] Bhí an talamh uilig faoi choraíocht.
Cf. Oibrithe
==== Corróg ====
Béarla ''hooks on a fishing line''
Rann na Feirste pl. [kɔrɔgi]


==== Creabhar ====
==== Creabhar ====


''cleg, horsefly''
Tabanidae (Béarla ''cleg, horsefly'')


Árainn Mhór [k´r´awer], pl. [nə ˈk´r´awer´]
Árainn Mhór [k´r´awer], pl. [nə ˈk´r´awer´]
Líne 37: Líne 124:
==== Creimeadh isteach ====
==== Creimeadh isteach ====


''Erosion, undercutting (of a cliff)''
Béarla ''Erosion, undercutting (of a cliff)''


Rann na Feirste [k´r´ɛm´u]
Rann na Feirste [k´r´ɛm´u]
Líne 43: Líne 130:
==== Crúbóg ====
==== Crúbóg ====


''Edible Crab (''Cancer pagurus'')''
''Cancer pagurus'' (Béarla ''Edible Crab)
 
Cf. ''portán''. Bhí an duifear seo ag cainteoirí as Árainn Mhór agus Rann na Feirste.


Compare ''portán''. This distinction was known to speakers from Árainn Mhór and Rann na Feirste.
==== Deargóg ====
 
Béarla ''Pollock''
 
Rann na Feirste [d´arəgɔg]
 
==== Dorg ====
 
Líne iascaireachta.
 
Rann na Feirste [darəg]


==== Dos ====
==== Dos ====


''A small tuft of grass''
Béarla ''small tuft of grass''


Toraigh [dʌs] “Ní fhásfadh dos ar bith ansin” (of a barren place)
Toraigh [dʌs] “Ní fhásfadh dos ar bith ansin” (of a barren place)
==== Dubhar? ====
Béarla ''ground bait (bait broadcast on water to attract fish)''
Rann na Feirste [duwər]? (cha chuala mé an ceann seo go soilléarach)
==== Feabhar ====
Béarla ''weight on a fishing line''
Rann na Feirste [f´awər]


==== Gaoth chothrom ====
==== Gaoth chothrom ====


''Even wind''
Béarla ''even wind''


Toraigh [gɯː ˈxɔr̥əm]
Toraigh [gɯː ˈxɔr̥əm]
Líne 61: Líne 172:
==== Giobach ====
==== Giobach ====


''choppy, rough (of the sea)''
Béarla ''choppy, rough (of the sea)''


Toraigh [g´ʌbɑ]
Toraigh [g´ʌbɑ]
Líne 67: Líne 178:
==== Glas binne ====
==== Glas binne ====


''trapped below a cliff''
Béarla ''trapped below a cliff''


Rann na Feirste: Tá caora faoi ghlas binne [fiː ɰʟɑs b´ɪ̈ɴ´ə] ''A sheep has gone down a cliff and is now trapped below it.''
Rann na Feirste: Tá caora faoi ghlas binne [fiː ɰʟɑs b´ɪ̈ɴ´ə] ''A sheep has gone down a cliff and is now trapped below it.''
==== Glasán ====
Tá an t-iasc seo cosúil leis an liúdar ach tá sé glas.


==== Iomghaoth ====
==== Iomghaoth ====


''Sudden strong gust of wind''
Béarla ''Sudden strong gust of wind''


Toraigh pl. [ʌˈmiaha]
Toraigh pl. [ʌˈmiaha]


Interesting that the stress is on the second syllable – could be an idiosyncracy or perhaps due to the word having a compound origin (im- + gaoth). The speaker commented that this was a “focal a bhí ag na seandaoiní”.
Is suimiúil gurb ar an darna siolla atá an bhéim – seans gurb ag an chainteoir seo amháin atá sin nó seans gurb é an tuige sin dó gur comhfhocal atá ann (im- + gaoth). Dúirt an cainteoir gur focal atá ann “a bhí ag na seandaoiní”.


==== Leathach ====
==== Leathach ====


''wrack (seaweed)''
Béarla ''wrack (seaweed)''


Árainn Mhór [L´èəx]
Árainn Mhór [L´èəx]


Compare Toraigh [ʟ´aː]<ref name="Hamilton"></ref>, which is rhymed with trágha [trɑː] in the song ''Beití Sailí Deain'':
Cf. Toraigh [ʟ´aː]<ref name="Hamilton"></ref> a ghní rím le trágha [trɑː] insan amhrán ''Beití Sailí Deain'':
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
''Nuair a théimse siar chun na trágha''
''Nuair a théimse siar chun na trágha''
Líne 91: Líne 206:
''A chur amach bodóg agus leathach''
''A chur amach bodóg agus leathach''
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
==== Liúdar ====
Béarla ''Coalfish''
Rann na Feirste [ʟ´uːdər]


==== Mea Ghabhair? ====
==== Mea Ghabhair? ====


''Snipe''
''Gallinago gallinago'' (Béarla ''Snipe'')


an Spidéal [ˌm´æː ˈɣawer´]
an Spidéal [ˌm´æː ˈɣawer´]


I know this isn't an Ulster dialect but I heard it when I was in Donegal so I'm putting it here...
Tá a fhios agam nach Gaeilic Uladh atá ann ach chuala mé é nuair a bhí mé i dTír Chonaill so chuir mé anseo é.
 
==== Mórtas farraige ====
 
Farraige gharbh
 
==== Murlas ====
 
''Scomber scombrus'' (Béarla ''Mackerel'')
 
Rann na Feirste [mʌrləs]
 
I Rann na Feirste dúirt siad sa tseanam gur iasc “cáidheach” a bhí ann.
 
==== Mushroom ====
 
Toraigh [ˈmʌɕrumi ˈgɑːrl´ɔg´] mushroomaí gáirleoige
 
==== Oibrithe ====
 
Béarla ''under (arable) cultivation''
 
Rann na Feirste [ɪ̈b´r´ɪ̈ɕt´ə] Bhí an talamh uilig oibrithe.
 
Cf. Coraíocht


==== Portán ====
==== Portán ====


''Shore Crab''
Béarla ''Shore Crab''


Árainn Mhór [partan]
Árainn Mhór [partan]


Compare ''crúbóg''. This distinction was known to speakers from Árainn Mhór and Rann na Feirste.
Rann na Feirste [pɑrtan]
 
Cf. ''crúbóg''. Bhí an duifear seo ag cainteoirí as Árainn Mhór agus Rann na Feirste.
 
==== Reithe ====
 
Rann na Feirste [raiçə]
 
==== Ruacán ====
 
Béarla ''cockle''
 
Rann na Feirste pl. [ruakan´]


==== Ruball ====
==== Ruball ====


Rann na Feirste gen. [rʌb´l´ə ~ rʌbl´ə]
Rann na Feirste gen. [rʌb´l´ə ~ rʌbl´ə]
==== Saíán ====
“Cosúil le deargógaí óga” ~4-8"
Rann na Feirste pl. [si.an´]


==== Saotharcán ====
==== Saotharcán ====


''Lapwing''
''Vanellus vanellus'' (Béarla ''Lapwing'')


Rann na Feirste [sᴇːrkan]
Rann na Feirste [sᴇːrkan]


Compare Toraigh ''saotharcóg'' [sᴇːrkɔg].<ref name="Hamilton"></ref>
Cf. Toraigh ''saotharcóg'' [sᴇːrkɔg].<ref name="Hamilton"></ref>
 
==== Scaineagán ====
 
Clocha beaga thart fá 1.5cm – bíonn an t-iolra ann.
 
Rann na Feirste [skanagan´]


==== Sceartán ====
==== Sceartán ====


''tick''
Béarla ''tick''


Árainn Mhór [ɕk´artan]
Árainn Mhór [ɕk´artan]
Líne 128: Líne 297:
==== Sceith ====
==== Sceith ====


''spawning (of herring)''
Béarla ''spawning (of herring)''


Rann na Feirste [ɕk´e]
Rann na Feirste [ɕk´e]


The vowel here was almost approaching [ɪ].
Chóir-a-bheith gur [ɪ] a bhí sa ghuta.
 
==== Scion mara ====
 
Pharidae (Béarla ''razor clams'')
 
Rann na Feirste pl. [ˌɕg´ɪ̈n´ə ˈmɑrə]
 
==== Sealgóg ====
 
An píosa den iasc eadar ruball agus corp (Béarla ''caudal peduncle'')
 
Rann na Feirste [ɕaləgɑg]
 
==== Slat saileoige ====
 
Béarla ''sally (willow) rod''
 
Rann na Feirste [ˌslat ˈsɪ̈l´ɔg´ə]
 
==== Sligeán ====
 
“Rud ar bith a bhfuil blaosc air” (Béarla ''shellfish'')
 
Rann na Feirste pl. [ɕl´ɪ̈g´an´]
 
==== Sligeán dubh ====
 
Béarla ''mussels''
 
Rann na Feirste pl. [ɕl´ɪ̈gan´ ɣuʰ]
 
==== Slugach ====
 
''Arenicola marina'' (Béarla ''Lugworm'')
 
Rann na Feirste pl. [slʌgi]
 
San áit a mbíonn slugach bíonn ''cnapán'' [krapan] ann agus poll ag n-a thaoibh [ˈpʌʟ ɪ̈gnə ˈhiːv´].


==== Stacán ====
==== Stacán ====


''sea stack''
Béarla ''sea stack''


Rann na Feirste [stakan]
Rann na Feirste [stakan]
==== Tréataí ====
Línte in áit a mbeadh uisce ina rith ar chloich, ar éadaigh ⁊rl. Dá mbeadh sé ag cur fearthanna bheadh tréataí ar do chuid éadaigh.
Rann na Feirste [t´r´eːti]
==== Trosc ====
Rann na Feirste [trɔ̜sk]


= References =
= References =
<ref name="Hamilton">Hamilton, J. N. (1974). ''A phonetic study of the Irish of Tory Island, Co. Donegal.'' Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University of Belfast.
</ref>

Leagan reatha ó 17:12, 27 Meitheamh 2025

(Jake Dalzell 27/06/25)

Bhí mé i nGaeltacht Thír Chonaill ar feadh coicíse i mí an Mheithimh 2025. Seo cuid de na focla a chuala mé a bhaineas leis an dúlra, ainmhíthe, an iascaireacht, an talmhaíocht ⁊rl. Bíodh a fhios agad gur guta eadar [ɛ] agus [e] atá in [è].

Aice

Poll/eag i gcarraig is maith le gliomaigh agus crúbógaí.

Rann na Feirste [ak´ə], pl. [nə ˈhak´iə̆hə]

Aicíd na bpréataí

Phytophthora infestans (Béarla potato blight)

Rann na Feirste [ak´ɪ̈d̚´ nə b´rɛːti]

Ain-bheathaigh

Ainmhithe contúirteacha na farraige (searcannaí srl)

Rann na Feirste [ˈan´ˌv´ɛhi]

Aiste

Fonn léim ar iasc (Béarla condition where the fish want to jump into boat/net)

Rann na Feirste [aɕt´ə] Aiste a chur ar an iasc

Baoite

Béarla fishing bait

Rann na Feirste [bwɑitə]

Beathach

Béarla horse

Árainn Mhór [b´èəx], ar a bheathach [ɛr ə ˈv´èəx]

Rann na Feirste [b´ɛəh]

Cf. Toraigh [b´aː][1]

Breallach

Lutraria spp. (Béarla otter shell)

Rann na Feirste [b´r´aʟa], pl. [b´r´aʟi]

Cahootchie?

Béarla fishing spinner

Rann na Feirste [kaˈhut´ɕi]

Tháinig seo as ainm branda de réir an chainteora.

Cailleach

1. Préataí beaga fágtha i ndiaidh an fhómhair

Rann na Feirste pl. [kaʟ´ahai]

2. (Cailleach dhubh) Phalacrocorax carbo (Béarla Cormorant)

Cáitheadh na dtonn

Béarla sea spray

Rann na Feirste [kæhu]

Níl duifear fuaime eadar seo agus caitheadh.

Cál faiche

Urtica dioica (Béarla nettles)

Rann na Feirste [ˌkɑˑl ˈfæˑj]

Caora

Rann na Feirste gen. pl. [ɴə gᴇːrəx]

An fhoirm ghinideach iolra thraidisiúnta le [ᴇː] – insa tuiseal ainmneach bíonn [ʉː] ann.

Clár

Béarla flat plain (of the sea)

Toraigh “Tá an fharraige 'na chlár.”

Cloch bheag doirnín

Rann na Feirste [klɔʰ v´ɘg dɔrɴ´in´]

Cnuasach

Béarla foraging (on the shore)

Rann na Feirste gen. [d´ænu cruːsi] Bheadh na mná ag déanamh cnuasaigh.

Coraíocht

Béarla (arable) cultivation

Rann na Feirste [fi ˈxɔriaʰt] Bhí an talamh uilig faoi choraíocht.

Cf. Oibrithe

Corróg

Béarla hooks on a fishing line

Rann na Feirste pl. [kɔrɔgi]

Creabhar

Tabanidae (Béarla cleg, horsefly)

Árainn Mhór [k´r´awer], pl. [nə ˈk´r´awer´]

Creimeadh isteach

Béarla Erosion, undercutting (of a cliff)

Rann na Feirste [k´r´ɛm´u]

Crúbóg

Cancer pagurus (Béarla Edible Crab)

Cf. portán. Bhí an duifear seo ag cainteoirí as Árainn Mhór agus Rann na Feirste.

Deargóg

Béarla Pollock

Rann na Feirste [d´arəgɔg]

Dorg

Líne iascaireachta.

Rann na Feirste [darəg]

Dos

Béarla small tuft of grass

Toraigh [dʌs] “Ní fhásfadh dos ar bith ansin” (of a barren place)

Dubhar?

Béarla ground bait (bait broadcast on water to attract fish)

Rann na Feirste [duwər]? (cha chuala mé an ceann seo go soilléarach)

Feabhar

Béarla weight on a fishing line

Rann na Feirste [f´awər]

Gaoth chothrom

Béarla even wind

Toraigh [gɯː ˈxɔr̥əm]

Giobach

Béarla choppy, rough (of the sea)

Toraigh [g´ʌbɑ]

Glas binne

Béarla trapped below a cliff

Rann na Feirste: Tá caora faoi ghlas binne [fiː ɰʟɑs b´ɪ̈ɴ´ə] A sheep has gone down a cliff and is now trapped below it.

Glasán

Tá an t-iasc seo cosúil leis an liúdar ach tá sé glas.

Iomghaoth

Béarla Sudden strong gust of wind

Toraigh pl. [ʌˈmiaha]

Is suimiúil gurb ar an darna siolla atá an bhéim – seans gurb ag an chainteoir seo amháin atá sin nó seans gurb é an tuige sin dó gur comhfhocal atá ann (im- + gaoth). Dúirt an cainteoir gur focal atá ann “a bhí ag na seandaoiní”.

Leathach

Béarla wrack (seaweed)

Árainn Mhór [L´èəx]

Cf. Toraigh [ʟ´aː][1] a ghní rím le trágha [trɑː] insan amhrán Beití Sailí Deain:

Nuair a théimse siar chun na trágha

A chur amach bodóg agus leathach

Liúdar

Béarla Coalfish

Rann na Feirste [ʟ´uːdər]

Mea Ghabhair?

Gallinago gallinago (Béarla Snipe)

an Spidéal [ˌm´æː ˈɣawer´]

Tá a fhios agam nach Gaeilic Uladh atá ann ach chuala mé é nuair a bhí mé i dTír Chonaill so chuir mé anseo é.

Mórtas farraige

Farraige gharbh

Murlas

Scomber scombrus (Béarla Mackerel)

Rann na Feirste [mʌrləs]

I Rann na Feirste dúirt siad sa tseanam gur iasc “cáidheach” a bhí ann.

Mushroom

Toraigh [ˈmʌɕrumi ˈgɑːrl´ɔg´] mushroomaí gáirleoige

Oibrithe

Béarla under (arable) cultivation

Rann na Feirste [ɪ̈b´r´ɪ̈ɕt´ə] Bhí an talamh uilig oibrithe.

Cf. Coraíocht

Portán

Béarla Shore Crab

Árainn Mhór [partan]

Rann na Feirste [pɑrtan]

Cf. crúbóg. Bhí an duifear seo ag cainteoirí as Árainn Mhór agus Rann na Feirste.

Reithe

Rann na Feirste [raiçə]

Ruacán

Béarla cockle

Rann na Feirste pl. [ruakan´]

Ruball

Rann na Feirste gen. [rʌb´l´ə ~ rʌbl´ə]

Saíán

“Cosúil le deargógaí óga” ~4-8"

Rann na Feirste pl. [si.an´]

Saotharcán

Vanellus vanellus (Béarla Lapwing)

Rann na Feirste [sᴇːrkan]

Cf. Toraigh saotharcóg [sᴇːrkɔg].[1]

Scaineagán

Clocha beaga thart fá 1.5cm – bíonn an t-iolra ann.

Rann na Feirste [skanagan´]

Sceartán

Béarla tick

Árainn Mhór [ɕk´artan]

Sceith

Béarla spawning (of herring)

Rann na Feirste [ɕk´e]

Chóir-a-bheith gur [ɪ] a bhí sa ghuta.

Scion mara

Pharidae (Béarla razor clams)

Rann na Feirste pl. [ˌɕg´ɪ̈n´ə ˈmɑrə]

Sealgóg

An píosa den iasc eadar ruball agus corp (Béarla caudal peduncle)

Rann na Feirste [ɕaləgɑg]

Slat saileoige

Béarla sally (willow) rod

Rann na Feirste [ˌslat ˈsɪ̈l´ɔg´ə]

Sligeán

“Rud ar bith a bhfuil blaosc air” (Béarla shellfish)

Rann na Feirste pl. [ɕl´ɪ̈g´an´]

Sligeán dubh

Béarla mussels

Rann na Feirste pl. [ɕl´ɪ̈gan´ ɣuʰ]

Slugach

Arenicola marina (Béarla Lugworm)

Rann na Feirste pl. [slʌgi]

San áit a mbíonn slugach bíonn cnapán [krapan] ann agus poll ag n-a thaoibh [ˈpʌʟ ɪ̈gnə ˈhiːv´].

Stacán

Béarla sea stack

Rann na Feirste [stakan]

Tréataí

Línte in áit a mbeadh uisce ina rith ar chloich, ar éadaigh ⁊rl. Dá mbeadh sé ag cur fearthanna bheadh tréataí ar do chuid éadaigh.

Rann na Feirste [t´r´eːti]

Trosc

Rann na Feirste [trɔ̜sk]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Hamilton, J. N. (1974). A phonetic study of the Irish of Tory Island, Co. Donegal. Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University of Belfast.
Aisghafa ó "https://www.celtic-languages.org/index.php?title=Ulster_Irish/Dúlra&oldid=1413"