Difference between revisions of "Old Irish/Morphology/Nominal Proclitics and Particles"

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== The Vocative Particle ==
== The Vocative Particle ==


Nouns in the <b>{{smallcaps|vocative}}</b> are always preceded by the <b>{{smallcaps|vocative}}</b> particle {{seanchlo|a}}<sup>L</sup> (var. {{seanchlo|á}}<sup>L</sup>), e.g. {{seanchlo|a ḟir}} ‘o man’. There is no inflectional variation in the particle and it only lenites.
Nouns in the <b>{{smallcaps|voc}}</b> are always preceded by the <b>{{smallcaps|voc}}</b> particle {{seanchlo|a}}<sup>L</sup> (var. {{seanchlo|á}}<sup>L</sup>), e.g. {{seanchlo|a ḟir}} ‘o man’. There is no inflectional variation in the particle and it only lenites.


== The Dual Numeral ==
== The Dual Numeral ==


Nouns in the <b>{{smallcaps|dual}}</b> are always preceded by the <b>{{smallcaps|dual}}</b> numeral.
Nouns in the <b>{{smallcaps|du}}</b> are always preceded by the <b>{{smallcaps|du}}</b> numeral.


The <b>{{smallcaps|masculine}}</b> form of the <b>{{smallcaps|dual}}</b> is {{seanchlo|da}}<sup>L</sup> (var. {{seanchlo|dá}}<sup>L</sup>) in the <b>{{smallcaps|nominative}}</b>, <b>{{smallcaps|accusative}}</b> and <b>{{smallcaps|genitive}}</b>, e.g. {{seanchlo|da ḟer}} ‘two men/of two men’.
The <b>{{smallcaps|masc}}</b> form of the <b>{{smallcaps|du}}</b> is {{seanchlo|da}}<sup>L</sup> (var. {{seanchlo|dá}}<sup>L</sup>) in the <b>{{smallcaps|nom}}</b>, <b>{{smallcaps|acc}}</b> and <b>{{smallcaps|gen}}</b>, e.g. {{seanchlo|da ḟer}} ‘two men/of two men’.


The <b>{{smallcaps|neuter}}</b> form of the <b>{{smallcaps|dual}}</b> is {{seanchlo|da}}<sup>N</sup> (var. {{seanchlo|dá}}<sup>N</sup>) in the <b>{{smallcaps|nominative}}</b>, <b>{{smallcaps|accusative}}</b> and <b>{{smallcaps|genitive}}</b>, e.g. {{seanchlo|da n-armm}} ‘two weapons/of two weapons’.
The <b>{{smallcaps|neut}}</b> form of the <b>{{smallcaps|du}}</b> is {{seanchlo|da}}<sup>N</sup> (var. {{seanchlo|dá}}<sup>N</sup>) in the <b>{{smallcaps|nom}}</b>, <b>{{smallcaps|acc}}</b> and <b>{{smallcaps|gen}}</b>, e.g. {{seanchlo|da n-armm}} ‘two weapons/of two weapons’.


The <b>{{smallcaps|feminine}}</b> form of the <b>{{smallcaps|dual}}</b> is {{seanchlo|di}}<sup>L</sup> (var. {{seanchlo|dí}}<sup>L</sup>) in the <b>{{smallcaps|nominative}}</b> and <b>{{smallcaps|accusative}}</b>, e.g. {{seanchlo|di thúaith}} ‘two tribes’. The <b>{{smallcaps|feminine}}</b> form of the <b>{{smallcaps|dual}}</b> is {{seanchlo|da}}<sup>L</sup> (var. {{seanchlo|dá}}<sup>L</sup>) in the <b>{{smallcaps|genitive}}</b>, e.g. {{seanchlo|da thúath}} ‘of two tribes’.
The <b>{{smallcaps|fem}}</b> form of the <b>{{smallcaps|du}}</b> is {{seanchlo|di}}<sup>L</sup> (var. {{seanchlo|dí}}<sup>L</sup>) in the <b>{{smallcaps|nom}}</b> and <b>{{smallcaps|acc}}</b>, e.g. {{seanchlo|di thúaith}} ‘two tribes’. The <b>{{smallcaps|fem}}</b> form of the <b>{{smallcaps|du}}</b> is {{seanchlo|da}}<sup>L</sup> (var. {{seanchlo|dá}}<sup>L</sup>) in the <b>{{smallcaps|gen}}</b>, e.g. {{seanchlo|da thúath}} ‘of two tribes’.


The <b>{{smallcaps|masculine}}</b>, <b>{{smallcaps|neuter}}</b> and <b>{{smallcaps|feminine}}</b> form of the <b>{{smallcaps|dual}}</b> is {{seanchlo|dib}}<sup>N</sup> (var. {{seanchlo|díb}}<sup>N</sup>, {{seanchlo|deib}}<sup>N</sup>) in the <b>{{smallcaps|dative}}</b>, which is always preceded by a preposition (or a combination of a preposition and the article), e.g. {{seanchlo|la dib n-armm}} ‘with two weapons’.
The <b>{{smallcaps|masc}}</b>, <b>{{smallcaps|neut}}</b> and <b>{{smallcaps|fem}}</b> form of the <b>{{smallcaps|du}}</b> is {{seanchlo|dib}}<sup>N</sup> (var. {{seanchlo|díb}}<sup>N</sup>, {{seanchlo|deib}}<sup>N</sup>) in the <b>{{smallcaps|dat}}</b>, which is always preceded by a preposition (or a combination of a preposition and the article), e.g. {{seanchlo|la dib n-armm}} ‘with two weapons’.


The <b>{{smallcaps|dual}}</b> never applies to nouns in the <b>{{smallcaps|vocative}}</b>; the <b>{{smallcaps|plural}}</b> form of the noun is used instead.
The <b>{{smallcaps|du}}</b> never applies to nouns in the <b>{{smallcaps|voc}}</b>; the <b>{{smallcaps|pl}}</b> form of the noun is used instead.

Latest revision as of 01:42, 5 March 2024

A general guide to clitic and particle morphemes, allomorphs and morphosyntactical structures in Old Irish noun phrases.

The Vocative Particle

Nouns in the voc are always preceded by the voc particle aL (var. áL), e.g. a ḟir ‘o man’. There is no inflectional variation in the particle and it only lenites.

The Dual Numeral

Nouns in the du are always preceded by the du numeral.

The masc form of the du is daL (var. dáL) in the nom, acc and gen, e.g. da ḟer ‘two men/of two men’.

The neut form of the du is daN (var. dáN) in the nom, acc and gen, e.g. da n-armm ‘two weapons/of two weapons’.

The fem form of the du is diL (var. díL) in the nom and acc, e.g. di thúaith ‘two tribes’. The fem form of the du is daL (var. dáL) in the gen, e.g. da thúath ‘of two tribes’.

The masc, neut and fem form of the du is dibN (var. díbN, deibN) in the dat, which is always preceded by a preposition (or a combination of a preposition and the article), e.g. la dib n-armm ‘with two weapons’.

The du never applies to nouns in the voc; the pl form of the noun is used instead.

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