Difference between revisions of "User:Erisceres/Chronological Developments in the Celtic Languages"
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= From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Celtic = | = From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Celtic = | ||
== Consonants == | == Proto-Indo-European == | ||
=== Non-Syllabic Consonants === | |||
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== Vowels and Syllabic Consonants == | === Vowels and Syllabic Consonants === | ||
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|+ PIE Syllabic Semivowels <ref>Fortson 2009, pp. 62, 66</ref> <ref group="note">The syllabic semivowels (short vowels) are allophonic to their non-syllabic consonantal counterparts.</ref> | |||
! rowspan="1" | | |||
! Front Unrounded | |||
! Back Rounded | |||
|- | |||
! Close | |||
| {{IPA|''<nowiki>*</nowiki>i''}} | |||
| {{IPA|''<nowiki>*</nowiki>u''}} | |||
|} | |||
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| {{IPA|''<nowiki>*</nowiki>ə₁''}}, {{IPA|''<nowiki>*</nowiki>ə₂''}}, {{IPA|''<nowiki>*</nowiki>ə₃''}} | | {{IPA|''<nowiki>*</nowiki>ə₁''}}, {{IPA|''<nowiki>*</nowiki>ə₂''}}, {{IPA|''<nowiki>*</nowiki>ə₃''}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
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Revision as of 05:32, 13 February 2022
This page will detail the chronological developments of the Celtic languages, with a focus on Goidelic (for now).
From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Celtic
Proto-Indo-European
Non-Syllabic Consonants
| Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Palatal | Velar | Labiovelar | |||
| Tenuis | *p | *t | *kʲ | *k | *kʷ |
| Voiced | *b | *d | *ɡʲ | *ɡ | *ɡʷ |
| Murmured | *bʱ | *dʱ | *ɡʲʱ | *ɡʱ | *ɡʷʱ |
| Coronal | Laryngeal [2] | |
|---|---|---|
| Sibilant [3] | *s | |
| Non-Sibilant | *h₁, *h₂, *h₃ |
| Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Palatal | Labiovelar | |||
| Lateral | *l | |||
| Rhotic | *r | |||
| Nasal | *m | *n | ||
| Semivowel | *y | *w | ||
Vowels and Syllabic Consonants
| Front Unrounded | Back Rounded | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | *i | *u |
| Laryngeal | |
|---|---|
| Fricative | *ə₁, *ə₂, *ə₃ |
| Labial | Coronal | |
|---|---|---|
| Lateral | *l̥ | |
| Rhotic | *r̥ | |
| Nasal | *m̥ | *n̥ |
Developments from Proto-Celtic
To do
From Proto-Celtic to Gaulish
To do
From Proto-Celtic to Celtiberian
To do
From Proto-Celtic to Insular Celtic
To do
Developments from Insular Celtic
To do
From Insular Celtic to Common Brittonic
To do
From Insular Celtic to Primitive Irish
To do
Developments in Goidelic
To do
From Primitive Irish to Early Old Irish
To do
Notes
Bibliography
- Fortson IV, B. W. (2009). Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, 2nd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell.
- McCone, K. (1996). "Towards a relative chronology of ancient and medieval Celtic sound change". Maynooth studies in Celtic linguistics. Maynooth: Department of Old Irish, Saint Patrick’s College.
- Stifter, David (2006). Sengoídelc: Old Irish for Beginners. Syracuse University Press.
- Thurneysen, R. (1946; 2003 reprint). A Grammar of Old Irish: Translated from the German by D.A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, with supplement. School of Celtic Studies, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.
