Gweld cod y dudalen Irish/Present tense in -idh

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== Present tense forms in -idh == In Classical Gaelic there was a distinction between independent and dependent endings of the 3rd person sg. present tense, e.g. ''ithidh (sé)'' ‘he eats’ versus ''ní ith (sé)'' or ''ní itheann (sé)'' ‘he does not eat’. The ''-ann'' ending spread to independent position after the 15th c. and eventually mostly pushed the old ''-idh'' ending out by the beginning of the 18th c. These ''-idh'' forms like ''féadaidh sé'', ''ólaidh sé'' are still used in certain dialects and contexts though. In Teileann they remain as normal present tense forms, in free variation with forms in -ann<ref>Wagner, H., 1979. ''Gaeilge Theilinn'' §277.</ref>. Further north they appear to be only used as a "historical present" in a narrative register. == The historical present == The forms in ''-idh'' can be used in the narrative register to refer to past actions, for example: <blockquote>Ach goidé a rinne sé ach ar bhfeiceáil ar thógáil ruball Árd-na-gaoithe dó, agus '''pillidh sé'''.<ref>Ó Grianna, S., 1927. ''Cioth is Dealán'' p. 91.</ref></blockquote> These forms have been recorded in Toraigh <ref>Hamilton, J. N., 1974. ''A phonetic study of the Irish of Tory Island, Co. Donegal'' p. 172 §f.</ref> == See Also == * http://www.nualeargais.ie/gnag/verbend.htm §present tense * [[Notes on Classical Gaelic Grammar]] * [https://xn--lamh-bpa.org/grammar/present-indicative/ ''Present Tense'' in léamh.org grammar] == References == [[Category:Irish]]

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